Micro Exam 1 Cards Flashcards
(168 cards)
1
Q
Oral mucosa
A
strat. squam. epithel (may be keratinized); lamina propria (dense, fibrous CT)
2
Q
Tissue composition of oral cavity
A
mucosa, skel. m., adipose, salivary glands, nn.
3
Q
Commonly keratinized oral mucosa areas
A
dental pad, dorsal tongue, hard palate, cheek
4
Q
lip composition
A
oral mucosa, orbicularis oris, adipose, haired skin (sinus hairs, seb. glands)
5
Q
mucocutaneous junction
A
of the lip, jxn b/w haired surface and vestibular surface
6
Q
micro characteristic of sinus hairs
A
cavitated spaces filled with blood
7
Q
tongue mucosa
A
strat. squam. epithel.,lingual papillae, taste buds, fibrous CT
8
Q
tongue composition
A
mucosa, adipose, skel mm. at right angles, salivary glands, nn.
9
Q
dorsal/ventral surface of tongue
A
kerat. strat. squam. with papilla dorsal; non-kerat. ventral
10
Q
types of lingual papillae
A
filiform, circumvallate (aka vallate), fungiform, foliate
11
Q
only mechanical papillae
A
filiform
12
Q
micro characteristics of filiform papillae
A
kerat squam epithel; slender, conical; underlying CT
13
Q
micro characteristics of circumvallate papillae
A
deep pocket with moat; taste buds on sides; CT core with n. ending; salivary gland empty into moat
14
Q
micro characteristics of fungiform papillae
A
mushroom shaped; CT core; taste buds on dorsal surface
15
Q
macro characteristics of filiform papillae
A
short bristles; most numerous (90%);
16
Q
macro characteristics of circumvallate papillae
A
does not protrude above surface; most visible, least numerous; back of tongue
17
Q
macro characteristics of fungiform papillae
A
less numerous than filiform; smaller than vallate; protrudes
18
Q
micro characteristics of foliate papillae
A
flat top; rectangular; deep clefts on side; taste buds on side
19
Q
taste buds most numerous on this papilla
A
circumvallate papillae
20
Q
foliate papillae found in these animals
A
lagomorphs
21
Q
components of taste buds
A
encapsulated; banana-shaped sensory cells, taste pores w/ u-villi (taste hairs); lamina propria
22
Q
gingiva
A
the mucosa that immediately surrounds the tooth
23
Q
papillomatosis
A
exophytic, hyperkeratotic masses w/hyperplastic epidermis supported by fibrovascular stroma; may regress spontaneously
24
Q
cells of respiratory (or nasal) surface
A
ciliated columnar
25
cells of oral surface of palate
strat. squam. epith.
26
micro characteristics of hard palate
bone, adipose, salivary glands, lamina propria, oral mucosa surface
27
micro characteristics of soft palate
ciliated columnar (resp), skel mm., salivary gland, lamina propria, strat. squam
28
brachydont
fully formed teeth; d/n continuously erupt; enamel made only b/f eruption, then ameloblasts die.
29
hypsodont
teeth d/n fully form; continuously erupt; herbivores
30
ameloblasts
cells that produce enamel (only during dx)
31
odontoblasts
cells that produce dentin (throughout life)
32
periodontal ligament
anchors tooth to alveolar bone (mesoderm)
33
pulp cavity
living tissue, blood vessels, mesenchyme
34
enamel
covers outside of tooth; made by ameloblasts; lost during pathol. Processing
35
dentin
bulk of tooth; softer than enamel
36
cementum
covers root of tooth (d/n protrude beyond gum line); bone-like
37
tooth dx in rodents
continuously produce enamel; wear down teeth by gnawing; root & crown grow through life
38
tooth dx in horses
enamel and dentin intertwined (increased strength, decreased wear rate)
39
order from inner to outer layer of tooth (above gum)
pulp cavity, odontoblasts, dentin, enamel, ameloblasts, stellate reticulum, alveolar bone
40
order from inner to outer layer of tooth (below gum)
pulp cavity, odontoblasts, dentin, cementum, periodontal lig., alveolar bone
41
the CT in the oral cavity is called
lamina propria (possibly dermis if in haired skin)
42
the tongue is primarily composed of
skeletal muscle
43
function of saliva
moistens/lubricates, mastication, deglutition (swallowing), adjusts pH, dissolution of food stuffs, limited CH2O digestion
44
saliva consists of
protein, glycoproteins, electrolytes, water
45
saliva production per day
man: 1-2L, sheep: 1-4L, cow: 90-190L, horses: 38L
46
dripping saliva (rabies) result of
pharyngeal paralysis; therefore not swallowed
47
salivary secretions drain to
the buccal cavity
48
ducts of major salivary glands
longer ducts b/c glands more distant from buccal cavity
49
ducts of minor salivary glands
shorter ducts b/c glands more proximal
50
major salivary glands
parotid, mandibular, sublingual; in carnivores: zygomatic, molar
51
minor salivary glands
labial, lingual (aka glands of von Ebner), buccal, palatine
52
adenomere
individual cells; compound tubuloalveolar glands
53
serous demilunes
crest-shaped serous cells; around mucous acini
54
myoepithelial cells
help expel secretions (b/c contain contractile elements)
55
mucous salivary gland, micro appearance
polygonal/wedge; foamy; periph nuc
56
serous salivary gland, micro appearance
poligonal; plumper than mucous; central nuc.; more granular/eosinophilic
57
ducts of salivary glands, smallest to largest
intercalated, striated (aka intralobular), lobular, intralobar, lobar, excretory
58
cells lining intercalated ducts
low cuboidal epithelium (non-secretory)
59
cells lining striated (intralobular) ducts
columnar
60
cells lining lobular ducts
columnar
61
cells lining intralobar ducts
pseudostratified
62
cells lining lobar ducts
pseudostratified
63
cells lining excretory ducts
squamous
64
primary cell types of the liver
hepatocytes and kupffer cells
65
Hepatocytes
liver cell; mitotically active
66
Kupffer cells
macrophages in liver; phagocytize old rbcs and process iron. Sit in space adjacent to blood.
67
Blood supply of liver
functional (hepatic portal v.; 4/5) and nuritional (hepatic a.)
68
Organization of liver
capsula serosa (serous memb.) and interstitial CT (most at portal triad)
69
morphologic units of liver
hepatic lobules
70
"spokes" in liver
hepatocytes and sinusoids
71
liver blood flow
portal triad (portal vv.), sinusoids, central v.
72
hepatic sinusoids
fenestrated endothel (c/n see); inc kupffer cells; no basal laminae
73
Space of Disse
peri-sinusoidal space
74
why live is susceptible to toxicity
fenestrated endothel
75
micro appearance of hepatocytes
polyhedral cell, vesicular nuclei (spread out chromatin; big), central nucleus, eo cyto.
76
hepatocyte ultrastructure
Mito, RER, SER, Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, lipids and glycogen (storage)
77
bile secretion
by hepatocytes; canaliculus moves it out
78
intrahepatic parts of biliary system
canaliculi, intrahepatic ducts, interlobular bile ducts (portal triad)
79
extrahepatic parts of biliary system
ducts: extrahepatic, hepatic, cystic, common bile
80
Only visible pt of intrahepatic biliary system
interlobular bile duct
81
different liver unit divisions
hepatic lobules, portal lobules, hepatic acinus
82
hepatic lobules
morphology; central v. is at center; portal triad at apices.
83
portal lobule
exocrine fxn; bile pt is most imp. ILBD of portal triad in center. central vv. at apices.
84
hepatic acinus
vascular unit; informs dgx. How far hepat are from blood supply (3 zones)
85
blood proximity in hepatic acinus zones
Zone 1 = closest to portal triad; zone 3 is closest to central v. (worst supply)
86
most important liver fxns (7)
protein synth; secrete bile; excrete toxic byproducts; store iron, glycogen, lipids; transform toxins; metabolize lipids, proteins, drugs; sinusoidal hematopoiesis
87
sinusoidal hematopoiesis
liver donates rbcs back into circulation
88
portal triad
interlobular bile duct, hepatic a., portal v.
89
reptile livers
mult. melano-macrophag centers (immune surveillance); nucleated rbcs; less structure
90
gall bladder inside to outside
(tortuous inside), simple columnar epith, CT submucosa, sm. m. (not tunic), serosa.
91
gall bladder pathologies
infection, distension (anorexia), stones, neoplasia, mucous hyperplasia
92
micro, gall bladder inner to outer
simple columnar, CT wall, sm. m. (not T. musc., not 2 layers), T. serosa
93
m. in common bile duct
concentric circular and longitudinal layers
94
mucous production in gall bladder
simple columnar lining
95
pancreas, type of gland
compound tubular alveolar gland
96
micro features pancreas
glandular epithel., no striated ducts, arranged in non-rounded lobules w/interstitium b/w, islets of endocrine tissue
97
cells of pancreas, acinar
conical/pyramidal; para-basal nucleus; zymogen granules
98
cells of pancreatic intercalated ducts
squam or cuboidal
99
enzymes of pancreas (10)
trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, elastase, ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, phospholipase, esterase, collagenase, amylase (acidity keeps in inactive form)
100
chronic passive congestion
liver; cells die, lost, replaced by scar tissue, lumpy/bumpy
101
pancreatitis
early activation of pancreatic enzymes
102
GI layers, lumen outward
T. mucosa, T. submucosa, T. muscularis, T. serosa
103
T. mucosa
simple columnar epith (w/goblet); lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
104
contents of lamina propria
loose CT, vessels, lymphatics, lymphocytes, plasma cells
105
contents of T. submucosa
Meissner's plexus, fibrous (loose or dense) CT, +/- adipose tissue, +/- glands; GALT; vessels; lymphatic
106
T. muscularis
inner circular, outer long.; vessels; myenteric (auerbach's) plexus; 3 layers of m. in stomach; esoph may contain skel, sm., or both
107
T. serosa
single layer of mesothel; scant fibrous CT; blood; lymph
108
T. adventitia
T. serosa w/o mesothel. layer; esoph, distal colon & rectum; mediastinum
109
T. mucosa: esophagus
strat squam (some keratinized); d/n absorb; musc mucosa may be absent cr. (pig, dog) or discontinuous
110
T. submucosa glands, esophagus
mucous; most = glands in cr. third; dog - entire length; pigs - cr. half
111
dog T. muscularis, esophagus
most skel. m.; mixed w/sm. cd. to diaphragm
112
cat and horse T. muscularis, esophagus
switches from skel to sm in cd. 1/2-1/3
113
ruminants T. muscularis, esophagus
entirely skeletal
114
circular m. layers of esoph
become thick near cardia (esp horse)
115
T. adventitia, esophagus
cervical & cr. mediastinum; has vessels and CT that blends w/ surrounding CT
116
T. serosa, esophagus
thoracic pleura & just cd. to diaphragm
117
fxns of the ruminant forestomach
fermentation, mixing, absorption, acidification
118
T. mucosa, ruminant forstomach
keratinized strat squam (absorptive), no glands, papillae, folds, or laminae
119
forestomach able to absorb
water, fatty acids, nutrients
120
T. mucosa, reticulum
honeycomb; m. mucosa in upper pt (tips) of primary (long) fold; secondary, conical papilla
121
T. mucosa, rumen
papillae; no m. mucosa; combined lamina propria-submucosa
122
omasal leaves
primary laminae w/ secondary papilla; T. musc. b/w 2 layers of musc. mucosa
123
it's adventitia (not serosa) if
it's not suspended in a body cavity
124
margo plicatus
line b/w glandular and non-glandular stomach
125
T. mucosa, glandular stomach
columnar epithel w/mucous cells (not goblet); lamina propria; gastric pits (foveolae)
126
glands of stomach
cardiac, fundic, pyloric
127
gastric pits (foveolae)
tubular structures that connect to invaginations of epithel from surface; cardia more shallow than pyloric
128
T. muscularis, stomach
sm. m.: circular, longitudinal, oblique layer
129
T. serosa, stomach
CT, vessels, mesothelium
130
gastric glands - cardia and pylorus
branched tubular mucous, protect stomach lining, cell types = mucous cells, basal nuclei, grey foamy cytoplasm, few scattered parietal cells (in cardia)
131
cell types in fundus/body
surface mucous, mucous neck, parietal, chief
132
surface mucous cells, gastric gland
cover the surface and line gastric pits; columnar w/basal oval nuclei; apical cyto w/tiny mucous droplets; secrete mucous
133
mucous neck cells, gastric gland
smaller than surface mucous cells; less mucin in cyto; round nucleus; secrete mucous
134
parietal (oxyntic) cells, gastric gland
b/w mucous neck and chief cells; lg, polygonal, eosinophilic cyto, central round nuclei; secrete HCl, gastric intrinsic factor
135
chief cells, gastric gland
located deeper in fundic glands; eosin apical cyto (zymogen granules) & basophil basal cyto (rER); secrete pepsinogen, trypsinogen, renin (ruminant), gastric intrinsic factor
136
T. mucosa, small intestine
enterocytes, goblet (mucous) cells; villi; crypts of liberkuhn, lymph lacteals, immune cells, endocrine cells
137
enterocytes, sm. int.
simple columnar w/u-villi
138
goblet cells, sm. int.
secrete mucous for lubrication/protection; increase as move aborad
139
Crypts of Lieberkuhn
space (at base) b/w villi; rapidly proliferating cells; sm. int.
140
lymph lacteals; sm. int.
1st sites of lymph drainage
141
GI villi
only present in small intestine; long-slender in carnivores; shorter-thicker in ruminants
142
plica circulares
largest folds in small intestine, fold (invagination) of mucosa and submucosa
143
T. submucosa, small intestine
GALT/Peyer's patches - most in distal
144
T. muscularis, small intestine
smooth m., perpendicular
145
Paneth cells
clusters at base of crypts; pyramid shaped w/very eosin cyto granules and basilar nuclei; secrete protein (inc lysozyme); most in horse, some ruminants, not dogs cats, etc; BacT-cidal
146
enteroendocrine cells
triangular cells; secrete 5HT, motilin, VIP, somatostatin, gastrin
147
duodenum (compared to ileum)
Brunner's glands; shortest villi (vs longest); least goblet cells (vs most); Paneth cells (vs increased # Peyer's)
148
Brunner's glands
in duodenum; compound tubuloacinar; mixed mucous/serous
149
M cells
epithel (no u-villi); in epithel over Peyer's; fxn in mucosal immunity (transepithel deliv to Ag-presenting cells)
150
glandular saccules
in camelid forestomach; mucous glands
151
T. mucosa, large intestine
No villi, only crypts; many goblet cells; no Paneth
152
fxn of large intestine
absorb water, lubricate w/mucous
153
submucosa and m. wall, lg. int.
same as rest of tract
154
GALT, large intestine
mostly in cecum and ileum; lots; lymph follicles in submucosa
155
rectum
last pt of colon; endoderm;
156
anal sphincter
enlarged T. muscularis of rectum
157
recto-anal jxn
abrupt; simple column w/goblet -> strat squam
158
avian esophagus
large diameter; most have crop (no glands) off side to store undigested food
159
avian stomachs
proventriculus (glandular); ventriculus (muscular stomach = gizzard)
160
avian large intestine
short colon (short villi extend into lumen of colon); paired ceca (imp sites for fermentation)
161
cloaca
avian; common opening of digestive, repro, & urinary systems
162
T. mucosa, avian esophagus/crop
non-keratinized, strat squam to columnar; mucous glands (not in crop)
163
T. muscularis, avian esophagus/crop
entirely smooth m.
164
T. mucosa, avian proventriculus
mucosal folds (not villi) surround gland openings; simple columnar; lamina prop; musc mucosa
165
tunica layers, avian proventriculus
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis (thin), serosa
166
T. mucosa, avian ventriculus
cuboidal to columnar, glands, surface "koilin"
167
koilin
thick protective substance of avian ventriculus (not keratin)
168
proventricular dilation disease
inflammation targeting nn.; dilated, thin wall, avian
