micro exam2

Question 1

a gene that is always expressed

Answer 1

constitutive gene

Question 2

a gene that is normally off, can be turned on

Answer 2

inducible

Question 3

a gene that is normally on, but can be turned off

Answer 3

repressible

Question 4

proteins that increase expression of a gene

Answer 4

activator proteins

Question 5

proteins that decrease expression of a gene

Answer 5

respressior proteins

Question 6

Activator and repressor proteins help____ to bind

Answer 6

RNA Polymerase

Question 7

How does a small effector molecule(SEM) effect regulatory proteins?

Answer 7

SEM binds to regulatory proteins and change there confirmation…binding ablility

Question 8

needs to be present in order for DNA replication to occur

Answer 8

Origin of replication

Question 9

needs to be present in order for Transcription to occur

Answer 9

Promotor region

Question 10

needs to be present in order for Translation to occur

Answer 10

start codon and Ribosome binding site

Question 11

what is so important about promotors?

Answer 11

there presence regulates which genes are transcribed

Question 12

“Prokaryotic immunity to viruses”

Answer 12

CRISPR/Cas

Question 13

3 steps of the adaption stage of CRSPR/cas

Answer 13

1) cell survives
2) Adds new repeats
3) Adds new spacers

Question 14

2 steps of intigration stage of CRSPR

Answer 14

1) transcription of the whole repeats/spacers region into one long strand of mRNA
2) Cas protein cuts into many 1repeat/1spacer regions called crRNA

Question 15

• Inducible gene

- if a repressor protein is present but not an inducer present then___

Answer 15

no transcription

Question 16

-if a repressor protein is present but so is an inducer molecule

Answer 16

transcriprion occures

Question 17

if a repressor protein is present and a corepressor is present

Answer 17

no transcription

Question 18

if an SEM is present and a repressor protein allows transcription then, the SEM was a____

Answer 18

inducer

Question 19

if an SEM is present and a repressor protein blocks transcription then, the SEM was a____

Answer 19

corepressor

Question 20

groups of genes controlled by one promotor

Answer 20

operon

Question 21

if an SEM is present and a repressor protein blocks transcription then, the SEM was a corepressor what was the gene?

Answer 21

repressible (normally on)

Question 22

if an SEM is present and a repressor protein allows transcription then, the SEM was a inducer then the gene was?

Answer 22

inducible(normally off)

Question 23

If an inducer is present and so is an activator protein does transcription occur?

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

If an inducer is present and so is an activator protein does transcription occur?

Answer 24

no

Question 25

what is important about operons?

Answer 25

code for whole proteins instead of individual proteins - saves time and resources - more efficient then transcribing individual aminoacids

Question 26

the repressor protein of the lactose operon

Answer 26

LacI

Question 27

The Activator protein of the lactose operon

Answer 27

CAP

Question 28

the gene name that codes for the repressor protein of lactose operon

Answer 28

italysized; "lacI"

Question 29

-Lactose operon | if lactose is present and no glucose

Answer 29

High amounts of allolactose binds LacI prevents the (repressor from binding)Operator - mRNA can be transcribed - creating lactose enzymes - Low cAMP, CAP is unbound from CAP site

Question 30

where does LacI bind?

Answer 30

operator

Question 31

where does CAP bind?

Answer 31

CAP site

Question 32

relationship between glucose and cAMP

Answer 32

inverse

Question 33

-high glucose and low lactose

Answer 33

low amounts of allolactose and low amounts of cAMP - LacI(repressor) is bound - CAP(activator) is unbound - Lactose enzymes are not produced

Question 34

are a mechanism to prematurely end transcription

Answer 34

Attenuator sequences

Question 35

High tryptophane

Answer 35

- High amounts of tryptophan(corepressor) - TrpR (repressor) binds - No more trptophane being produces

Question 36

Attenuator sequences require a ____region of RNA to be near an A:U rich region this causes____ ending transcription

Answer 36

- stem loop | - RNA Polymerase to fall off

Question 37

cause RNA to pause

Answer 37

hairpins

Question 38

if 2-3 hair pin forms then?

Answer 38

Ribosome pauses doesnt fall off | -Polymerase keeps going

Question 39

which trp hairpins form depends on____

Answer 39

ribosome

Question 40

minimum number of participants

Answer 40

quorum

Question 41

bacteria use this to determin population density\ | -chemical signal comunication

Answer 41

quorum sensing

Question 42

population density effects___

Answer 42

gene expression