Micro / Infections Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is the first line antibiotic choice for perichondritis (infection of the ear cartilage e.g 2ndary to a high ear piercing)?
Main causative organism is pseudomonas aeruginosa
- 1st line = Ciprofloxacin
If subperiosteal abscess forms then risk of poor healing and subsequent deformity / cauliflower ear.
What is the first line treatment for scabies infection?
5% permethrin
(less irritant and more effective than other scabicides)
Also safe in pregnancy!
Head-to-toe application (avoiding face/scalp if unaffected) left on for 8-24 hrs then washed off and repeated in 7 days.
Need 30g tube for each treatment (so Rx x2)
What antibiotics are used for prophylaxis to prevent pneumocystitis pneumonia in HIV patients once their CD4 count drops below 200?
Co-Trimoxazole
What antibiotics are used for prophylaxis to prevent opportunistic mycobacterium avium infection in HIV patients once their CD4 count drops below 50?
Azithromycin
Which vaccinations are routinely recommended for patients with HIV
Annual flu & Covid
Pneumococcal
Hep B testing and immunisation
Hep A if MSM
Should NOT be given live vaccines (BCG, Cholera, Oral typhoid)
What are the recommended antibiotics to give in suspected PID (pending swabs)?
Ceftriaxone 1g IM stat + Doxy + Metronidazole for 2 weeks
OR
Ofloxacin 400mg & Metronidazole 400mg BD for 2 weeks
OR
Moxifloxacin 400mg OD for 14/7
What HIV prevalence amongst 15-59 year olds is considered high and extremely high prevalence respectively?
Prevalence 2/1,000 or more = high
Prevalence of 5/1000 of more = extremely high
GP practices in areas with high or extremely high HIV prevalence should routinely offer HIV tests on patients registering to the practice and when doing routine bloods if no HIV test in the past 1 year
What is the 1st line antibiotic for treatment of new pseudomonas infection in bronchiectasis?
Ciprofloxacin for 7-14 days
What are the diagnostic criteria for pyelonephritis in children?
Fever 38+ with bacteruria
OR
Bacteruria with loin pain
If bacteruria but no loin pain / high fever / systemic symptoms then treat as cystitis
WHen should oral aciclovir be given to pregnant women presenting with chickenpox?
If presents < 24 hours of onset of the rash and > 20 weeks gestation (can also also consider if < 20 weeks gestation)
When is varicella zoster immunoglobulin given to pregnant women exposed to chickenpox?
Can be given upto 10 days after a significant exposure to chickenpox in a non-immune pregnant woman
NOT effective after they’ve developed symptoms
When should a woman who contracted chickenpox during pregnancy be followed up by the fetal medicine specialists?
Should be followed up by fetal medicine at 16-20 weeks or 5 weeks post-infection if contracts the infection later in pregnancy
For those treated for chlamydia, how long after treatment must they wait until intercourse can be resumed?
Can resume intercourse the day after both partners have completed doxycycline
However must wait 7 days after both partners completed single dose Azithromycin
For confirmed mycoplasma genitalium pelvic infection, what is the recommended antibiotic treatment
Oral Moxifloxacin 400mg OD for 14 days
for confirmed mycoplasma genitalium PID
What is the recommended antibiotic for campylobacter gastroenteritis?
Ciprofloxacin
(And remember campylobacter gastroenteritis is a notifiable disease!)
Which group of people with learning difficulties are especially susceptible to becoming chronic carriers of Hepatitis B should they get infected?
Down’s Syndrome
They have an immunological defect that makes them more likely to become chronic carriers if become infected with Hep B
Below what eGFR should nitrofurantoin be avoided?
Below eGFR 45 nitrofurantoin should be avoided
What is the typical presentation of supraglottitis?
Supraglottitis is bacterial infection of the epiglottis (normally with haemophilus influenzae type B - HIB)
Oropharynx looks normal on examination but patient complains of severe pain on swallowing and sore throat +++
Need to detect as risk of airway obstruction - needs emergency admission to A&E / under ENT if suspect
What are the 1st line antibiotic options for treatment of Lyme disease (Borrelia infection)?
Doxycycline 100mg BF for 21 days
OR
Amoxicillin 1g TDS for 21 days
OR
Azithromycin 500mg OD for 17 days
In a patient with suspected TB (e.g after a significant exposure) how should TB be tested for?
A 2-stage test
1) Mantoux test
2) If mantoux positive, blood test for interferon gamma assay
After a spleenectomy, prophylactic antibiotics are recommended for at least 2 years - what is the first line abx choice assuming no allergies?
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
