Micro Mini Quiz 1

Question 1

Microbiology

Answer 1

The study of organisms (and other entities) too small to be seen without magnification.

Question 2

Abscess

Answer 2

A collection of pus in any part of the body. In most cases, the area around an abscess is swollen and inflamed.

Question 3

Carbuncle

Answer 3

A skin infection that affects multiple hair follicles and forms a pus-filled lump deep in the skin.

Question 4

Cellulitis

Answer 4

A bacterial skin infection that occurs when bacteria enter the skin through a break. The bacteria that cause cellulitis are usually staphylococci or streptococci.

Question 5

Conjunctivitis

Answer 5

Also known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin, transparent membrane that lines the white of the eye and the inside of the eyelid.

Question 6

Dysentery

Answer 6

Infection of the intestines resulting in severe diarrhea with the presence of blood and mucus in the feces.

Question 7

Endocarditis

Answer 7

Inflammation of the endocardium.

Question 8

Folliculitis

Answer 8

Inflammation of the hair follicles.

Question 9

Hematuria

Answer 9

Blood in the urine.

Question 10

Hemolysis

Answer 10

The rupture or destruction of red blood cells.

Question 11

Myocarditis

Answer 11

A rare condition that causes inflammation of the heart muscle, or myocardium.

Question 12

Nosocomial

Answer 12

Any disease contracted by a patient while in the hospital.

Question 13

Osteomyelitis

Answer 13

Infection inside the bone.

Question 14

Pharyngitis

Answer 14

A sore throat caused by inflammation of the pharynx.

Question 15

Polyuria

Answer 15

Production of abnormally large amounts of urine.

Question 16

Purulent

Answer 16

Consisting of, containing, or discharging pus.

Question 17

Pyelonephritis

Answer 17

A kidney infection that occurs when bacteria from the urinary tract (UTI) spread to the kidneys.

Question 18

The DNA of Prokaryotes is Found in a Region of the Cell Called the __________

Answer 18

Nucleoid

Question 19

-Prokaryotes do not have mitochondria or chloroplast.
-Prokaryotes do have ribosomes.
-Examples: Glycogen, Sulfur, and Inorganic phosphate (polyphosphate)

Answer 19

Cytoplasmic Structures

Question 20

Consists of:
-Cell membrane
-Cell wall
-Other external structures such as a capsule or glycocalyx

Answer 20

Bacterial Cell Envelope

Question 21

-Comprised of phospholipids and proteins and sugars.
-Do contain hopanoids.

Major Functions:
-Barrier
-Selective transport of solutes
-Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation to produce
ATP
-Biosynthesis (e.g. cell wall components, phospholipids)
-Receptor location

Answer 21

Cell Membrane

Question 22

-6 major types of Protein Secretion Systems have been found.
-Each system is comprised of a different set of proteins and transports a particular set of proteins out of the cell.
-All utilize ATP.
-Type I and Type IV are found in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria
-Type II, Type III, Type V, and Type VI are found only in Gram-negative bacteria

Answer 22

Protein Secretion Systems

Question 23

Provides a means of transporting bacterial proteins out of the cell.

Answer 23

Importance of Protein Secretion Systems

Question 24

-Found in most bacteria.
-Helps to determine bacteria shape.
-Prevents lysis (bursting) or collapsing due to changing osmotic pressures.
-Peptidoglycan is the primary component.

Answer 24

Bacteria Cell Wall

Question 25

___________ bacteria: thick cell wall comprised primarily of peptidoglycan

Answer 25

Gram-positive

Question 26

___________ bacteria: thin cell wall comprised primarily of peptidoglycan and outer membrane.

Answer 26

Gram-negative

Question 27

Comprised of Lipid A, the core polysaccharide, and an O side chain.

Answer 27

Lipopolysaccharide

Question 28

Some ______ Bacteria Can Have No Cell Wall

Answer 28

Mycoplasma bacteria

Question 29

-A sticky viscous coating (usually polysaccharides) external to the cell wall. Functions: – Adherence – Protect bacteria from dehydration and nutrient loss – Inhibit killing by white blood cells, contributing to pathogenicity

Answer 29

Glycocalyx (Slime Layer) and Capsule

Question 30

Which one of the following is NOT found in bacteria? A. Circular double-stranded DNA B. Glycocalyx C. Mitochondria D. Peptidoglycan

Answer 30

Mitochondria

Question 30

Division of bacterial cells occurs mainly through _____________.

Answer 30

Binary fission

Question 31

Replication begins with parent cell: – Enlarges – Duplicates its chromosome – Forms a central transverse septum, dividing the cell into two daughter cells

Answer 31

Bacteria Replication

Question 32

-Time required for a complete fission cycle is called the generation time, or doubling time. -Minimum generation times vary from ~10-20 minutes to days (or even longer).

Answer 32

Rate of Population Growth

Question 33

Equation for calculating population size over time: -Nƒ = (Ni)2n -Nƒ is total number of cells in the population -Ni is starting number of cells -Exponent n denotes number of generations

Answer 33

Rate of Population Growth