Micro-Organisms

Question 1

What are the three main types of microbe?

Answer 1

Fungi, bacteria, virus

Question 2

What is the biggest microbe?

Answer 2

Fungi

Question 3

What do fungi cells have?

Answer 3

Nucleus, cell membrane, food storage granule, vacuole, cytoplasm

Question 4

What is a flagella?

Answer 4

Bacteria “tails” that let them swim

Question 5

What do bacterium cells have?

Answer 5

Cell wall, cytoplasm, cell membrane, chromosome

Question 6

What do viruses have in their cells?

Answer 6

Protein, strand of genes

Question 7

What is the smallest microbe?

Answer 7

Virus

Question 8

What are some useful microbes?

Answer 8

Yeast - for bread and alcohol. Changes milk into yogurt and cheese

Question 9

What are some harmful diseases caused by fungi?

Answer 9

Athletes foot, thrush

Question 10

What are some harmful diseases caused by bacteria?

Answer 10

Salmonella, whooping cough

Question 11

What are some harmful diseases caused by viruses?

Answer 11

Common cold, flu, chicken pox, measles

Question 12

What is asexual reproduction (bacteria)

Answer 12

When they reproduce without a male or female - they make copies of themselves

Question 13

How do microbes cause diseases?

Answer 13

When they reproduce in the body, they produce harmful substances called toxins and damages tissues and organs

Question 14

How do bacteria multiply?

Answer 14

They double themselves every 20mins

Question 15

How can some diseases spread?

Answer 15

In the air, through touch, through animal contact, through contaminated food, through exchange of bodily fluids, sex, genetics

Question 16

What are viruses like?

Answer 16

They have pointy spikes - to stick and attack cells

Question 17

What are bacteria like?

Answer 17

Sausages shape, tail (flagellum)

Question 18

What are fungi like?

Answer 18

Cell wall, fluffy, grows they own food

Question 19

What are the three layers of the natural defence system?

Answer 19

Our body, white blood cells, antibodies

Question 20

What does our skin protect us from?

Answer 20

Stops microbes entering our body

Question 21

What does our hair protect us from?

Answer 21

Traps microbes and stops the entering our bodies

Question 22

What does cilia protect our bodies from?

Answer 22

Move mucus and microbes out of the wind pipe

Question 23

What does the stomach acid do to protect our body from microbes?

Answer 23

Kills microbes such as bacteria and viruses that we swallow

Question 24

What does the sebum do to protect our body from microbes?

Answer 24

Oil secreted from the skin that kills microbes

Question 25

What does the lysozyme do to protect our body from microbes?

Answer 25

An enzyme that exists in body cells and eyes that kills bacterial cells by breaking down their cell walls

Question 26

What is a pathogen?

Answer 26

A harmful microbe

Question 27

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 27

Ingest pathogens and digest it so it can't cause harm (phagocyte)

Question 28

What is an antigen?

Answer 28

A toxin that induces immune responses

Question 29

What type of white blood cell produces antibodies?

Answer 29

Lymphocytes

Question 30

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 30

Recognise her invading pathogen and surround it making it harmless. Each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen

Question 31

What is a virus?

Answer 31

A tiny bundle of genetic material carried in a shell, the viral coat or capsid which is made of protein called capsomeres

Question 32

What do antibiotics do?

Answer 32

They stop bacteria reproducing and harm or kill the bacteria. They treat diseases caused by bacteria

Question 33

How do you become immune to a disease?

Answer 33

The first time the pathogen enters the body, lymphocytes produce antibodies for that specific microbe. The next time it enters the body, the white blood cells remember the pathogen and its antibody

Question 34

What do vaccines do?

Answer 34

Inject you with a small amount of a dead or weak disease or microbe

Question 35

How do vaccines work?

Answer 35

antibodies are produced that recognise and remember that specific pathogen so it can fight off that disease again

Question 36

What is a vaccine?

Answer 36

A small amount of a weak or dead disease-causing microbe that stimulates the production of antibodies to create an immunity towards that disease

Question 37

Who came up with the vaccine idea?

Answer 37

Edward Jenner

Question 38

How did Edward Jenner get the idea of a vaccine?

Answer 38

He noticed milkmaids that got cowpox never got smallpox