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Foundations > Micro pharma > Flashcards

Micro pharma Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteriocidal drugs?

A 
B-lactams (time-dependent)
Aminoglycosides
Metronidazole (concentration-dependent)
Quinolones (concentration-dependent)
Vancomycin (concentration-dependent)

BAM QV

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2
Q

MIC?

A

Lowest concentration of antimicrobial at which an organisms growth is inhibited (bacterioSTASIS)

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3
Q

-cidal vs. -static drugs

A

Cell-wall acting are generally bacteriocidal - lots of exception, limits

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4
Q

Bacteriostatic drugs?

A

Clindamycin, Macrolides, Tetracycline

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5
Q

Time- vs concentration-dependent drugs

A

All bacterioCIDAL

Concentration: want peak concentration or AUC

Time: Duration that serum concentration > MIC (Beta lactams)

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6
Q

Possible mechanisms of PAE

A

Drug stays bound at site
Irreversible binding - bacteria needs to synth new enzymes
Bacteria slow to recover

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7
Q

Beta Lactams

A

Penicillin; ampicilin (+/- sulbactam); amoxicillin (+/- clavulanate); nafcillin (beta-lactamase resistant); piperacillin (+/- tazobactam - piper = antipseudamonal)

Gram +; some -; enterobacteria w/o betalactamases

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8
Q

Cephalosporins

A 
1st gen: Cefazolin: +
2nd gen: Cefotetan: +/-
3rd gen: Ceftriaxone: +/--
4th gen: Cefepime: C. diff; pseudomonas
5th gen: Cefaroline: MRSA

disulfiram interaction; bleeding risk with 2; beta-lactamases resist 1&2

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9
Q

Glycopeptides

A

Vancomycin - target D-ala/D-ala

G+ ; enterococcus including MRSA, Cdiff
VRSA exists

Red man syndrome; oto/nephro toxicity (monitor)

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10
Q

Treat MRSA?

A

Cefaroline
Vancomycin
Linezolid
Trimeth/sulfa

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11
Q

Treat C diff?

A

Cefepime
Vancomycin
Metronizadole**

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12
Q

Treat anaerobes?

A

Linezolid

  • Clindamycin
  • Metronidazole
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13
Q

Treat pseudomonas?

A

Piperacillin

Cefepime

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14
Q

Teratogenic?

A

Metronidazole (third trimester)
Quinolones
Tetracycines
Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin)

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15
Q

Treat UTIs?

A

Trimethoprim/Sulfa

*Empiric: Cipro/levo (quinolones)

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16
Q

Risk of causing C. diff?

A

Tetracyclines

Clindamycin

17
Q

Poor PO absorption?

A

Vancomycin (use PO for C.diff)

Aminoglycosides (gentamicin + tobramycin)

18
Q

Don’t give to patient with arrhythmia?

A

Quinolones can prolong QT (Ciprofloacin, levofloacin)

19
Q

Tetracyclines?

A

Tetracycline, doxycycline

Gram +; lyme disease

Inhibit protein synthesis by blocking tRBA at 30s subunit; Bacteriostatic
Bound by cations (don’t take with milk)

20
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Gentamicin + tobramycin

Aerobic Gram -

MOA: at 30s; possible block formation, miscode, block translocation?

Use with beta lactam to widen spectrum
Transport is O2 dependent!!
NO oral absorption
Possible irreversible ototox; nephrotox; interact with NMB

21
Q

Macrolides

A

Azithromycin

Inhibits peptide bond formation (peptidyltransferase) – 50s subunit!

G+ - pneumo, strept, staph, MYCO, legionella, chlamydia, H. influ

Good tissue penetration

22
Q

Clindamycin

A

Inhibit peptide bond formation (peptidyltransferase) –50s Subunit

ANAEROBES!

23
Q

Oxazolidinones

A

Linezolid

50s, /23s rRNA; prevents complex from forming

**MRSA, Gr +, staph, strept, entero, ANAEROBIC COCCI, rods: nocardia, listeria, corynebacterae

SSRI interaction! blood anemias, optic/peripheral neuropathy

24
Q

Quinolones

A

Cipro, Levofloxacin

GRAM - ; some Gram +, myco, legionella

Block DNA synth - inhibition of topoisomerases

EMPIRIC UTI; bact diarrhea, CAP, STI, cellulitis

**QT prolongation! –cidal

25
Q

Sulfonamides

A

Trimethoprim/sulfa

Antimetabolic - uses all PABA so bacteria can’t generate folate

P jiroveci, shigella, salmonella, UTI, prostatiitis, MRSA, H flu, klebsiella, H. flu

Prostatic fluid! anemias, photosensitivity, vasculitis

26
Q

Metronidazole

A

Targets ANAEROBES - first line for C diff
disulfram interaction
Reactive to N anion –> target DNA
teratogen in 3rd trimester

Foundations (8 decks)

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