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Derm > Micro - Virus > Flashcards

Micro - Virus Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 Classic childhood Exanthems?

A
  1. Measles –> Rubeola
  2. German Measles –> Rubella
  3. HHV-6 –> Roseola
  4. 5th Disease/Slap Cheek –> Parvovirus B19
  5. Chicken pox –> Varicella zoster
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2
Q

What is a rash that appears abruptly and affects several areas of the skin simultaneously

A

Exanthem

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3
Q

What are the 3 Enveloped DNA Viruses?

A

Hepadnaviridae
Herpesviridae
Poxviridae

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4
Q

What are the 3 naked DNA Viruses?

A

Papovaviridae
Adenoviridae
Parvoviridae

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5
Q

Which 3 Dermatological viruses have NO systemic spread?

A

Molluscum contagiosum
HPV
ORF

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6
Q

Which 4 Dermatological viruses that have systemic spread also have INFECTIOUS rashes?

A

HSV-1, HSV-2
VZV
Variola
Coxsackievirus

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7
Q

Which 4 Dermatological viruses that have systemic spread also have NON-INFECTIOUS rashes?

A

HHV-6
HHV-8
Measles
Rubella

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8
Q

Papillomaviruses:
Genetics
Transmission

A

Naked, DS DNA virus

Direct contact and fomites

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9
Q

HPV 1,4 = ?

A

Plantar warts

Flat, grow inward

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10
Q

HPV 2, 3, 10 =?

A

Warts on the knees and fingers

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11
Q

HPV 6, 11, 16, 18 = ?

A

Genital warts

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12
Q

Poxviridae:
Causes ?
Genetics?

A

Enveloped, DS DNA virus

Molluscum contagiosum

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13
Q

Molluscum contagiosum characteristics

A

UMBILICATED LESION:
White, pink, or flesh-colored papule with a dimple or pit in the center. Pin-head or pencil eraser in size.
ONLY infects humans
Duration: 6-12 months (self limiting)

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14
Q

Molluscum contagiosum Transmission

A

Direct contact, fomites

Scratching/shaving can spread the virus

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15
Q

Orf associations

A

Poxviridae

Associated with SHEEP, GOATS, and REINDEER

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16
Q

Orf: Clinical, Transmission

A

Produces A vesicle on fingers/hand

Transmission: Direct contact

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17
Q

Measles:
aka ?
Family ?
Genetics ?

A

Aka Rubeola
Family: Paromyxoviridae
Enveloped, ssRNA

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18
Q

Measles: Transmission, incubation

A

Respiratory droplets **
9-10 days

Life-long resistance

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19
Q

Measles: Acute respiratory illness

A 
Runny nose, HIGH FEVER (105), cough, conjunctivitis, photophobia, MALAISE
1-2 later = Koplick's spots
Maculopapular rash (red) starts at face spreads down the body (3 days)
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20
Q

Koplick’s spots = ?

A

small (grain of sand) - reddish ring on buccal mucosae

Buzz word for Measles

21
Q

Measles: Potential complications

A

Pneumonia
Encephalitis
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) - rare. Personality changes, loss of memory, muscle spasms, blindness

22
Q

Measles: Lab diagnostics

A

Multinucleated giant cells (Syncytia

23
Q

Measles: Vaccine

A

Live attenuated

MMR

24
Q 
Rubella:
aka =?
Family ? Genetics?
Transmission ?
Vaccine:
A

German measles
Togaviridae: eneveloped, SS RNA
Transmission: Respiratory droplets
Vaccine: Live, attenuated (MMR)

25
Q

Rubella:

Mild Disease:

A

Fever, malaise, IRREGULAR MACULOPAPULAR PINK RASH - LASTS FOR 3 DAYS
Rash has same progression as measles (head–> toe)
Lymphadenopathy

26
Q

Rubella:

Complications

A

Congenital Rubella: passes through placenta
Severity depends on gestational age
Low birth weight, cataracts, heart defects, mental retardation, deafness, diabetes

27
Q 
Erythrovirus B19 (Parvovirus B19):
       Family:
      Genetics:
      Infection called \_\_\_
      Age distribution
A

Parvoviridae: Naked, SS DNA

Erythema infectiosum; 5th disease; Slap cheek

CHILDREN!!

28
Q

Erythrovirus B19:
Transmission
Pathogenesis

A

Respiratory droplets

Infects erythroid progenitor cells in bone marrow

29
Q

Erythrovirus B 19 Clinical

Complications

A

Sunlight aggravates the rash that appears 1 week into infection.
Starts on face - spreads to torso/thighs
Complications: Sickle cell disease: Aplastic crisis

30
Q 
HHV-6:
    aka
    Family:
    Genetics:
    Infections
A

Roseola
Herpesviridae: Enveloped, DS DNA

Roseola infantum (1st 3 years of life), exanthema subitum

31
Q

HHV-6:
Transmission:
Clinical:

A

Respiratory droplets
Replicates in T and B cells - persists after primary infection
Clinical: High fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy for several days —> TEMPERATURE DECREASES, FAINT PINK RAHS APPEARS = LACY BODY RASH

32
Q 
HHV - 8:
     Family:
     Genetics:
     Transmission:
     Significance:
A

Herpesviridae: Enveloped, DS DNA
Transmission: Unknown (found in saliva)

*Causative agent of Kaposi sarcoma

33
Q

Coxsacievirus:
Family:
Genetics:

A

PicoRNAviridae: Naked SS RNA

34
Q

Coxsackievirus A

A

Herpangina
Vesicles on buccal mucosa and tongue
Slight fever, sore throat, mouth is painful

35
Q

Coxsackievirus A16

A

CHILDREN

Hand-foot and mouth: Vesicles appear on the hands, mouth, and feet

36
Q 
Variola:
     AKA:
     Family:
     Genetics
     Transmission:
A

SMALLPOX
Poxviridae: Enveloped, DS DNA
Transmission: Direct contact AND respiratory droplets

37
Q

Variola rash

Vaccine

A

SYNCHRONOUS rash. Scarring

Vaccine: live cowpox (not given anymore)

38
Q

Herpesviridae:
Genetics:
Key feature

A

Enveloped, DS DNA virus

Latency!
HSV-1,2; VZV = Nerves
HHV-6: B cells and T cells

39
Q

HSV:

Transmission

A

Direct contact with vesicles (fluid)

40
Q

HSV Primary infection

A

Skin and mucous membranes
Vesicles: Painful and itchy
Heals in 1-2 weeks

41
Q

HSV Reactivation

A

Spread of virus from neurons to skin or mucous membranes
Sensory prodromal period = burning, itching, tingling
Vesicles appear

42
Q

HSV Severe complications

A

Herpetic infection of eczematous skin
Encephalitis (HSV-1 and 2)
Neonatal infections: HSV-2
Contact with lesion during labor and delivery

43
Q

HSV: Microscopic key features

A

Cowdry body type A: intranuclear inclusions

Syncytium

44
Q

Negri body

A

RABIES

45
Q

Varicella Zoster virus:
Genetics:
Transmission

A

Enveloped, DS DNA virus

Respiratory aerosols, direct contact with skin lesions (90% of ppl will be infected if they make contact)

46
Q

VZV: Chicken pox

A

entry = mucosa of respiratory tract
Pox on torso, face, scalp –> then arms and legs
Vesicles OCCUR IN CROPS - rupture, dry up, crust

47
Q

Zoster:

A

Reactivation of VZV
Travels from DRG –> Dermatome
Pain and rash
Post-herpetic neuralgia: pain continues for several months after lesions have healed

48
Q

Varicella vaccine

A

2: Live, attenuated
Only varicella = varimax
combined in MMRV (measles, mumps, rubella, varicella)
Zoster vaccine: single dose for adults > 60 years old

Derm (6 decks)

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