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micro2 Flashcards

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1
Q

BUY AT 30

CCEL AT 50

A

Aminoglycosides (bactericidal
T (tetracylcine (bacteriostatic)

C=chloramphenicol, clindamycin (bacteriostatic)
E: erythromycin (macrolides) (bacteriostatic)
L: linezolid (variable)

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2
Q

aminoglycosides

A

gentamicin, neomycin, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin

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3
Q

“Mean” (aminoglycoside) GNATS caNNOT kill anaerobes

A

gentaicin, neomycin, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin

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4
Q

mechanism of aminoglycosides

A

bactericidal; irreversible inhibitoin of initial complex thorugh binding of 30 S subunit. can cause misreading of mRNA. also block translocation; require O2 for uptake; therefore ineffective against anerobes

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5
Q

genetic code misreading

impacts translocation

A

aminoglysosides

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6
Q

requires O2 for uptake; therefore ineffective against anaerobes

A

aminoglycosides

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7
Q

mechanism of resistance of aminoglycosides

A

bacterial transferase enzymes inactive thte drug by acetylation, phosphorylation, or adenylation

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8
Q

metylation of aminoglycoside binding portion of ribisome inhibits ability of aminoglycoside to intefere w protein translation

A

aminoglycose resistance

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9
Q

se OF AMINOGLYCOSIDE

A 
nnot
NEPRHOtoxicity
neuromuscular blockade
ototoxicity (esp when used w loop diuretics)
teratogen
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10
Q

use of aminoglycosides: s

A

severe gram - rod infectoins. synergistic with B lactam antiboitoics

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11
Q

which aminoglycoside used for bowel surgery

A

neomycin

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12
Q

aminoglycoside modifiying enzymes

A

most common restiatnce of aminoglycosides

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13
Q

tetracylcine drugs

A

tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline

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14
Q

mechainsm of tetracylcines

A

bacteriostatic; bind to 30S and prevent attachment of aminoacyl tRNA;
limited CNS penetraiton

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15
Q

which tetraclyclien is fecally eliminated and can be used in pt’s w renal failure

A

doxycyline

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16
Q

do not take tetracycliens with what

A

milk (Ca2+), antacids (Ca2+ or Mg2+), or iron containing prepearations because divalent cations inhibit drugs’ absorption in the gut

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17
Q

use of tetracylcines

A

borrellia burgdoferi, m. pneumoniae
drugs’ ability to accumlate intracellular makes them very effective against Rickettsia and chlamydia. also used to treat acne

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18
Q

which tetracylcine is effective against MRSA

A

doxycylicne

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19
Q

SE of tetracylcine

A

discoloration of teeth and inhbiiton of bone growth in children, photosensitivyt, GI distress
contraindicated in pregnancy

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20
Q

mechanism of restiantce to tetracylcien

A

decrease uptake or increase efflux of bacterial cells by plasmid encoded transport pumps

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21
Q

glycylcyclines drugs

A

tigecycline

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22
Q

mechanism of glycylcylines

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A

tetracylcine derivitave; binds to 30 S ; inhibits protein sytnehsis;generall bacteriostaic

23
Q

use of glycylcylines

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A 
broad spectrum anaerobic; gram - and gram + coverage
multidrug restance (MRSA, VRE) organisms or infections requireing deep tisseu penetration
24
Q

SE of glycylcylines

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A

Gi symptoms, nausea, vomiitng

25
chloramphenicol mechanism
blocks peptidyltransferase at 50S ribosomal subunit. bacteriostatic
26
use of chloramphenicol
menigitis (h. influenzae, n. menningitis, strep pneumonia), Rocky mountain spotted fever (rickettsia ricketsis)
27
SE of chloramphenoicol
``` anemia (dose dependent) aplastic anemia (dose independent) gray baby syndrome (in premature infants bc they lack liver UDP-glucuronyltransferase) ```
28
plasmid encoded acetyltransferase inactiveas the drug
resistance to chloramphenicol
29
clindamycin mehcanism
blocks peptide transfer (translocation at 50S ribisomal subunity; bacteriostatic
30
use of clindamycin
anaerobic infectiosn (bacteroids spp. clostriidum perfringes) in aspiration pneumonia, lung abscesses, oral infections; also effective against invasive Group A strep streptococall infectiosn
31
which drug treats anaerobic infectison above diaphgram
clindamycin
32
which drug treats anaerobic infectiosn below dipahgram
metronidazole
33
se of clindamycin
psuedomonamembranous colitis, fever, diarrhea
34
oxazolidinones
linezolid
35
mechanisnm of linezolid
inhibit protein syntehsis by gbinding to 50 s subunit and preventing formation of initaiion complex (70S) binds to bacterial 23S ribosomal rna of 50 s subunit
36
use of linezolid
gram + species, including MRSA and VRE
37
SE of oxazolidinones
bone marrow suppression (esp thrombocytopenia), peripheral neruopahty, serotoinn syndrom, optic neuritis
38
resiitance to linezolid
point mutation of ribosomal rna
39
macrolides
azithroycin, clarithromycin, erytrhomycin
40
mechanism of macrolides
inhibits protein sytnehsis by blocking translocation; bind to 23s RRNA of 50S subniutn. bacteriostaic
41
use of macrolides
atypical pneumonias (mycoplasma , chlamydia, legionella) STIs (chlamydia) gram + cocci (strep infections in pateitns allergic to peniciln b. pertussis
42
SE of macrolides | MACRO
``` MACRO: Gi motility issues arrhtymiaa caused by prolonged QT interval actue Cholestatic hepatits Ras eosinophilia ``` increases seru concention of theophyllin, oral anticoagulatns clarithrmycin and erytromycin inhibit cytochrome p450
43
restiance of macrolides
methylation of 23S rRna binding site prevents binding of drug
44
sulfonamides
sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfisoxazole, sulfadiazine
45
mechanism of sulfonamides
inhibit dihydropteroate synthase; thus inhibiting folate syntehsis. bacteriostatic (bactericidal when combined with trimethoprim)
46
use of sulfonamides
gram + , gram -, nocardia | SMX for simple UTI
47
SE of sulfonamdies
hypersentivity reactions, hemolysis if G6PD defiicnet, neprhotoxicty(tubulointersitial nephritis), photosenstivyt, SJS syndrome, kernicterus in infants, dispalce other drugs from albumin (warfarin), hyperkalemia
48
mechanism of resistance
altered enzyme (bacterial dihydropteroate sythase; decrase uptake increase PABA synthesis
49
dapsone machaism
simliar to sulfonamdies, but structuarlly distinct agent
50
use of dapsone
leprosy (lepromatous and tuberculid. | PJP prophylaxis
51
se of dapseon
hemolysis if G6PD deficient
52
trimethoprim mechanism
inhibits bacterial dihydroflate reductase; | bacteriostatic
53
use of trimethoprim
used in comboination with sulfonamdies (TMP-SMX) cause seuqential block of folate syntehssi combinatioin used for UTI's, shigella, salmonella, PJP pneumonia treamtent and prophyalxis, toxplasmossi prophyalxix
54
SE of trimethoprim
megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia (may alleviate with supplemental folinic acid)

Pharm (13 decks)

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