Microanatomy

Question 1

Myenteric Nerve Plexus Location

Answer 1

Between inner circ and outer long sm muscle

Question 2

Submucosal nerve plexus location

Answer 2

Submucosa = controls the Muscularis mucosae

Question 3

Mucosa Layers

Answer 3

Epithelium
Lamina Propria
Muscularis Mucosae

Question 4

Epithelium role mucosa

Answer 4

Strat squamous = protection (sacrificial)
Columnar = Secretion / absorption

Question 5

Serosa vs Adventitia

Answer 5

Serosa = direct contact with body cavity = has outer mesothelial layer for serous fluid production

Adventitia = not direct with body cavity (retroperitoneal)

Question 6

Ascites

Answer 6

Fluid accumulation in abdominal cavity

Question 7

Peritonitis

Answer 7

Inflammation of peritoneum means abnormal function

Question 8

Parotid Gland Secretions

Answer 8

Serous Only

Question 9

Submandibular Gland Secretions

Answer 9

Mixed (Mucous and serous)

Question 10

Sublingual Gland Secretions

Answer 10

Mixed but mostly mucous

Question 11

Myoepithelial Cell

Answer 11

Contractile epithelial cell that squeezes out secretions from a duct

Question 12

Serous Secretions Contents

Answer 12

Zymogen granules (enzymes)
- Amylase = digestive

Question 13

Serous Acinus Staining

Answer 13

Dark due to zymogen granules

Question 14

Mucous Acinus Staining

Answer 14

Light as mucous granules

Question 15

Serous Demilune

Answer 15

Acinus that secretes both mucous and serous

Moon of serous cells around a mostly mucous acini

Question 16

Striated Duct synonym

Answer 16

Intralobular

Question 17

Striated Duct key feature

Answer 17

High mitochondria for active transport of HCO3- to buffer saliva

Question 18

Duct pathway salivary glands

Answer 18

Intralobular duct
Interlobular duct (in CT septa)
Parotid/sublingual/submandibular duct

Question 19

Saliva Anti-bacterial Components

Answer 19

Lysozyme
Lactoferrin
Immunoglobulin A

Question 20

Muscularis Mucosae of upper oesophagus developed?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

UOS and LOS muscle thickness

Answer 21

Standard (ie physiological sphinchter not anatomical)

Question 22

Oesophageal Varices

Answer 22

Blood vessels very dilated = haemorrhage

Question 23

Enteroendocrine Cells of stomach

Answer 23

G - Gastrin
ECL - Histamine
D - Somatostatin

Question 24

Chief Cell Secretion

Answer 24

Pepsinogen

Question 25

Plicae Location

Answer 25

Small Inestien

Question 26

Lacteal

Answer 26

Lymphatics that go into the villi and get ‘milked’ by smooth muscle

Question 27

Intestinal Enterocytes

Answer 27

Absorb small molecules from digestion

Question 28

Enterokinase location

Answer 28

Embedded enzyme of small intestinal enterocytes

Question 29

Enterokinase function

Answer 29

Phosphorylates and activates other enzymes

Question 30

Glycosidases location

Answer 30

Embedded small int enterocytes

Question 31

Glycocalyx function

Answer 31

Biofilm that increases/decreases absorption of molecules that we want / don’t want to absorb

Question 32

Paneth Cell function

Answer 32

Immune

Question 33

Paneth Cell immune mechanisms

Answer 33

TNF-alpha (inflammatory) Lysozyme (anti-bacterial) Defensins (membrane permeability)

Question 34

Enteroendocrine small int response to fatty acids and amino acids

Answer 34

Secrete CCK (—> release bile from gallbladder —> inhibit stomach

Question 35

Enteroendocrine small int response to HCl / acidity change

Answer 35

Release secretin -> HCO3- -> buffer + inhibit stomach

Question 36

Serotonin effect

Answer 36

Increased gut motility

Question 37

What releases serotonin and somatostatin

Answer 37

Small int Enteroendocrine

Question 38

Duodenum identifying feature

Answer 38

Brunner’s Glands (bicarbonate mucous)

Question 39

Ileum identifying feature

Answer 39

Peyer’s Patches (high immune cell)

Question 40

Large intestine mucosa differences to small int

Answer 40

- More goblet (more mucous for lube as stool dehydrates) - No Plicae / villi / Microvilli

Question 41

Large intestine lamina propria

Answer 41

Numerous lymphatic nodes

Question 42

Muscularis Externa large intestine

Answer 42

Teniae coli allows independent contraction of parts of the colon + pulls the tube into sac-like haustra coli