Microbal Genetics Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are nucleic acids made up of?
Composed of nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar group, three phosphate groups
What are pyrimidines?
Nucleic acid that has six carbon rings
What are purines ?
Nucleic acids consisting of two joined carbon rings with five and six members
DNA structure is…..
A matches with T
G matches with C
Sequence runs from 5’ to 3’
Explain central dogma of genetic information?
DNA—–Trancription—-RNA–Translation—–Protein
How many hydrogen bonds does AT have? GC have?
AT=2hydrogen bonds
GC= 3 hydrogen bonds
Explain DNA replication
Helicases unwind the double helix
Single stranded binding proteins stabilize unwound DNA
Leading strand is synthesized in 5’–3’ direction by DNA polymerase
Lagging strand is synthesized
What are three types of RNA?
Messenger RNA
Transfer RNA
Ribosomal RNA
List major differences between DNA and RNA?
- DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded
- Deoxyribose sugar, vs. ribose sugar
- DNA has thymidynic acid, RNA has Uridynic acid
- DNA has AT pairing, RNA has AU pairing
- DNA has nuclear location, RNA has cytoplasmic location
What are subunits of bacteria ribosomes ?
50s and 30s
What are frameshift mutations?
Inserting or deleting number of BP other than a multiple of 3
What is nonsense mutation?
Change in a termination codon, resulting in premature termination
What is transformation of DNA?
Acquisition of new genetic markers by incorporation of added DNA
What is transduction of DNA?
Transfer of bacterial gene from one to another by a phage
What is electrophoresis?
DNA is separated by electrophoretic field
Negative charged molecules go to positively charged end
The smaller molecules go faster
What is restriction fragment length polymorphism?
Restriction enzymes, cut DNA at or near specific recognition nucleotide sequences
What is hybridization?
Denatured, single stranded DNA
Probe binds to complementary single stranded sequences
What is target amplification?
Enzyme mediated process to synthesize copies of targeted nucleic acid
What is real time or quantitative PCR?
Probe or dye to generate a fluorescent signal from the product
Is DNA replication semiconservative?
Yes, parent strand and daughter strand are both included in new molecule
What is a missense mutation?
Change in codon leads to change in amino acid sequence, which changes protein function
Can DNA, RNA and proteins be used to help identify the pathogenic agents ?
Yes
How do you detect proteins?
Western blot, proteomics
