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Mircrobes > Microbes: Microbiology and Disease > Flashcards

Microbes: Microbiology and Disease Flashcards

(42 cards)

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1
Q

Staphylococci

A

GP cocci in clusters; catalase pos

Facultative anaerobes, broad temp range, high salt conc

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2
Q

Streptococci

A

GP cocci in chains; catalase neg
S pyogenes, agalactiae, anginosus, mitis
Aerobic

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3
Q

Enterococi

A

GP cocci in chains/pairs; catalase neg

E faecilis, faecium

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4
Q

Staph auerus

A

Coagulase positive
Gold colonies on blood agar
capsule and slime layer
colonize 1 in 3

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5
Q

Coagulase negative staph

A

S epidermidis, saprophyticus, lugdenensis
white colonies on blood agar
slime layer
colonize everyone

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6
Q

beta hemolytic group A

A

s pyogenes
common cell wall carb
human is only host

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7
Q

beta hemolytic group B

A

s agalactiae

colonize GI and female GU

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8
Q

Group F strep

A

S anginosis of S milleri
a, b or gamma hemolysis
caramel/butterscotch smell`

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9
Q

Viridans strep

A

alpha or gamma hemolysis
colonize mucosal surfaces but not skin
s anginosus, s mitis, s mutans, s salivarius, s bovis (s gallolyticus

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10
Q

S pneumoniae

A 
of mitis group
alpha hemolysis 
susceptible to optochin
soluble in bile salts 
colonize oropharynx of 50% of adults
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11
Q

Haemophilus

A

Small, non-motile GN coccobacilli
encapsulated (Hib) and unencapsulated (non-typeable-NTHi)
facultative anaerobes
require blood factors (x= hemin, v= NAD)
H influenzae, duceryi, commensals like parainfluenzae

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12
Q

Moraxella

A

M catarrhalis

GN coccobaccili

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13
Q

Legionella

A

L pneumophila (serotype 1, 6)
GN (stain poorly)
long thin bacilli on lab mdia; short coccobacilli in tissue
present in H2O and spread by aerosol (not person-person)
intracellular pathogen
gimenez stain and dieterle; BCYE media
resistant to beta lactams bc produce lactamases

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14
Q

Coxiella

A

C burnetti
GN obligate intracellular bacillus related to legionella
animal resevoir, env stable, infect via aerosol

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15
Q

Corynebacterium

A 
C diphtheriae
GP rods, aerobic, non-spore forming 
Diphtheria toxin
transmited via aerosol
culture on bordet-gengour or regan-lowe agar
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16
Q

Bordatella

A

Pertussis, parapertussis
small GN coccobacilli withot capsule
aerobe, dont utilize sugar, slow growth
toxins: PTX, TCT, adenylase cyclase toxin

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17
Q

chlamydia

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A 
GN obligate intracellular cocci
ubiquitous in humans and animals 
C trachomatis, pneumonia, psittaci
unique developmental cycle (EB and RB) 
adherence, TTSS, autotrasport polymorphic memb protein gene fam, cytotoxkin, cooption of metabolites form host and microbiota
transmitted by direct contact and flies
18
Q

Mycoplasma

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A

wall-less pleimorphic bac evolved from GP by mutaitonal loss
fastidious
m pneumonia, hominis, genitalium, ureaplasma urealyticum, fermentens
pleumorphic
incomplete cell division; fried egg/mullberry
hemolysin, surface adhesin, capsule, CARDS toxin

19
Q

Pseudomonas

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A

aerobic, non lactose fermenting, oxidase positive ICU GN rod
p aureginosa
nutrionally versatile (grow on macconkey agar)
grape odor and diffusible pigment
flagella so motile
ubiquitous in env and hospital
opportunistic and nosocomial
transmitted person-preson, phomite, aerosol
pili, flagella, LPS, capsule, exotoxin A (ETA), ExoS, phospholipase C, elastase, cytoxin (leukocidin), protease

20
Q

Acinetobacter baumannii

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A

GN coccobacilli, aerobic, nonlactose fermenting, oxidase negative
non motile
in env; colonize skin and mucosa
nosocomial (everywhere) and opportunitic
polysacchardie capsule

21
Q

stenotrophomonas maltophila

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A

ICU GN
colonize resp tract
not virulent but hard to treat

22
Q

Burkholderia cepacia

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A

ICU GN
mostly in CF
similar to pseudomonas but worse

23
Q

Mycobacteria

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A

M tuberculosis, leprae, MAC, bovis
nonmotile, non spore forming, aerobic bacilli
GP but AFB
lipid rich cell wall with mycolic acid, PPD, wax

24
Q

Mycobacteria: M tuberculosis

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A

Lowenstein jensen medium colonies in 3-6 weeks (raised, warty, buffed pigment)
cording morphology in 7H11 liquid medium
niacin pos, nitrate reductase pos (bovis neg)
intracellular pathogen
prevent phac acid/lyososome fusion via LAM and sulfatide
inhalation, ingestion, inoculation

25
Mycobacteria: M leprae
cultured in armadillo and mice footpads gen time = 11-13 days obligate intracellular PGLI protect in macrophage
26
Mycobacteria: NTM
Ubiquitous in env | inhaled, ingested, inoculated
27
anaerobic GP cocci
peptostreptococcus slow growing arrange in chains/ like strep colonize skin and mucosa
28
anaerobic non-spore forming GP rods
strict, moderate, or faculatative anaerobe grow slowly (1 wk) on all mucosal surfaces; propionibac on skin Actinomyces: delicate filamentous structure and molar tooth colony; A israeli Lactobacillus: long thin rods Propionibacterium: clumps of shorts rods; on skin so most commonly isolated mobiluncus: curved rods; golonize genital tract of female
29
anaerobic GN rod
colonize mucosal surface bacteroides fragilis: major compoenent of colonic flora; grows easily in culture; resistant to penicillin; GN rod fusobacterium: normal flora of osopharynx, GI, and GU; F nucleatum; filamentous GN on GS
30
Clostridium
Spore forming GO rod
31
C tetani
spore forming GP rod obligate anaerobe spires in GI and soil vegatative ofrm produce tetanus toxin (tetanospasmin) microscpoy not helpful bc few org; culture only from wound teatnus toxin and ab against toxin not detected
32
C botulinum
``` spore forming GP rod obligate anaerobe soil, marine sed, fruit/veg/seafood botulinum toxin (heat labile) micrscopy not helpful bc few rganisms; cultured from food (feces or serum) ```
33
C perfringens
spore forming GP rod most comonly isolated clostridium; soil, water, GI large rectangular rod with spore rarely seen aerotolerant to grow rapidly double zone of hemolysis toxins (alpha, beta, episolin, enterotoxin) and hemolytic enz microscopy is good: rod and no WBC; culture sen/rapid
34
C difficile
colonize GI of small number of ealthy ppl vegetative cell sensitivite to O2 short irregular rod with many spores on gram stain produce enterotoxin and cytotxin divide, inflamm exudate, pseudomembrane on histo
35
ETEC
GN facultative anaerobe, ferment sugars; resistant to amp fecal oral route (ingest) so high inoculum CFA, heat labile enterotoxin (LT), heat stabile enterotoxin (ST)
36
EPEC
GN facultative anaerobe, ferment sugars; resistant to amp Person-person - small inoculum plasmid encoded pilus (typical srian) attaching and effacing (TSS on LEE) in both strains
37
EHEC
GN facultative anaerobe, ferment sugars; resistant to amp subset of STEC; 0157:H7 resevoir: cattle; contaminated beef, produce, unpasturized juice, water, petting zoo person-person - low inoculum LEE attach/eface (like EPEC) shiga toxin acquired thru bacteriophage sorbital mackonkey agar - H7 doesnt ferment so white andd others are pink
38
EAEC
GN facultative anaerobe, ferment sugars; resistant to amp plasmid encoded fimbriae toxins: Pet, EAST (like ST)
39
extraintestinal ecoli
GN facultative anaerobe, ferment sugars; resistant to amp uropathogenic (UPEC) neonatal meningitis (MAEC)
40
klebsiella
enterbacteriacae mucoid colonies bc encapsulated K pneumoniae and oxytoca resistant to penicillin
41
enterobacter and serratia
encapsulated so mucoid | inducible resistance to cephalosporin(ase)
42
proteus
p mirabilis, vulgaris | urease, fimbriae, hemolysin, swarming motility

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