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Microbiology Test 2 > Microbial Control > Flashcards

Microbial Control Flashcards

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1
Q 
List these from the least to the most resistant:
Protozoan cysts
Fungal spores
Naked viruses (nonenveloped)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Endospores and prions
Enveloped viruses
Staphylococcus and pseudomonas
Most gram negative bacteria
Most gram positive bacteria
A 
Enveloped Viruses
Most gram positive bacteria
Naked viruses (nonenveloped)
Fungal spores
Most gram negative bacteria
Protozoan cysts
Staphylococcus and pseudomonas
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Endospores and prions
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2
Q

Define bacterioside.

A

An agent that kills bacteria

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3
Q

What is a germicide? What does it kill?

A

An agent lethal to non-endospore-forming pathogens

Bacteria, fungi, yeast, etc

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4
Q

What does bacteristatic mean?

A

Any process or agent that inhibits bacterial growth

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5
Q

What are antiseptics?

A

A growth-inhibiting agent used on tissues to prevent infection

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6
Q

What is disinfection?

A

The destruction of pathogenic non-sporulating microbes or their toxins, usually on inanimate surfaces

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7
Q

What is sterilization?

A

Any process that completely removes or destroys all viable microorganisms including viruses form an object or habitat

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8
Q

What microbes are the most resistant?

A

Endospores and prions

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9
Q

What microbes are moderately resistant?

A 
Protozoan cysts
Naked viruses
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Staphylococcus aureus
Pseudomonas
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10
Q

What microbes are the least resistant?

A

Most bacterial vegetative cells
Fungal spores
Enveloped viruses

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11
Q

What are the three different agents to help control microbial growth?

A 
Physical agents (heat, radiation)
Chemical agents (gases, liquids)
Mechanical removal methods (filtration)
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12
Q

What are the 4 different methods used to eliminate microbes?

A

Disinfection
Sterilization
Antisepsis
Decontamination

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13
Q

What is disinfection? What is it used on? Are endospores eliminated?

A

Destroy or remove all vegetative pathogens

Inanimate objects

No

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14
Q

What is sterliziation? What is it used on? Does it remove endospores?

A

Complete removal or destruction of microorganisms

Inanimate objects

Yes

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15
Q

What is antisepsis? What is it used on? Does it remove endospores?

A

Chemicals used to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens

Body surfaces or cavities

No

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16
Q

What is decontamination?

A

Mechanical removal of most microbes (scrubbing)

Only a reduction, doesn’t completely destroy

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17
Q

What are the mechanical agents?

A

Bacteriosides
Germicides
Bacteristatics
Antiseptics

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18
Q

What are the two types of decontamination?

A

Sanitation

Degermation

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19
Q

What is the difference between sanitation and degermation?

A

Both removal with force

Sanitation is from an object
Dergermation is from the body

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20
Q

What is the mode of action of surfactant?

A

Affects the stability of membranes

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21
Q

What is the mode of action of heat and pH?

A

Denature proteins and substrate cannot bind to the enzyme

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22
Q

What is the mode of action of heavy metals?

A

Can attach to active site, rendering the enzyme inactive

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23
Q

What are three types of temperature used in microbial control?

A

Moist heat
Dry heat
Cold & desiccation

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24
Q

What are the three methods of moist heat?

A

Autoclave
Pasteurization
Boiling water

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25
What are the two methods of dry heat?
Incineration | Dry oven
26
What are the two methods of cold & desiccation?
Dehydration | Iyophilization
27
At that temperatures do all types of pasteurization occur?
63C 72C 82C
28
At what temperature are spores killed in boiling water?
100C
29
What temperature are spores killed in an autoclave?
121C
30
At what temperature are spores killed in a hot air oven?
160C
31
Sterilization can be accomplished by _________, ___________, and ____________.
Heat Gas UV Light
32
What materials is an autoclave used on?
Metal and glass
33
What is radiation used for?
To disinfect and sterilize
34
What are the two types of radiation?
Ionizing | Non-ionizing
35
What does ionizing radiation do? What is the way it's used? What is it used for?
Breaks down DNA Gamma rays, X-rays, cosmic rays (high energy) Sterilization of food and medical products
36
What does non-ionizing radiation do? What is the way it's used? What is it used for?
Causes abnormal bonds- mutations, chemical changes, and production of toxic substances UV light Germicidal lamps, drinking water
37
Depending on the length of time, ______________ radiation can be used for disinfection or sterilization.
Non-ionizing
38
What are disinfectants used on?
Inanimate objects
39
What are antiseptics used on?
Living tissues
40
What does chlorine gas target?
Proteins | Sulfhydryl groups
41
What does iodine target?
Proteins
42
What does carbolic acid/phenol target?
Cell membranes Cell walls Precipitate proteins
43
In what products is triclosan found? What does it do?
Soaps Cat litter Acts as disinfectant or antiseptic
44
What does chlorhexidine target? Where is it found? What does it do?
Membranes Protein structure Hand scrubbing Eye Solutions Antiseptic
45
What do alcohols do?
Dissolve membrane proteins | Dehydrate cell
46
What is hydrogen peroxide? What does it kill?
Antiseptic that forms hydroxyl radicals Bacteria Fungus Spores
47
What do surfactants target?
Cell membranes
48
What do heavy metals do?
Inactivate proteins
49
What are the two aldehydes used most often in microbial control?
Glutaraldehyde | Formaldehyde
50
What do aldehydes target?
Cross link proteins Sterilant
51
What is used as a gaseous sterilant and disinfectant?
Ethylene oxide
52
What is ethylene oxide used for? What does it target?
Sterilizing plastic materials Interferes with DNA
53
What are the two types of dyes used as antimicrobial agents?
Crystal violent (gram positive) Malachite green (spores)
54
What do dyes do?
Bind to cell and interfere with proteins
55
What does crystal violet do?
Controls bacterial growth
56
What does malachite green do?
Controls fungal infections
57
What do acids and alkalis target?
Proteins and enzymes
58
What to acids and alkalis do?
Alter pH of the cell Destroy or inhibit microbial cells
59
What are some examples of acids and alkalais?
Acetic acid Lactic acid Boric acid
60
Microbial control methods that kill/destroy __________ are able to sterilize. a) viruses b) the tubercle bacillus c) endospores d) cysts
c) endospores
61
Sanitization is a process by which: a) the microbial load on objects is reduced b) objects are made sterile with chemicals c) utensils are scrubbed d) skin is debrided
a) the microbial load on objects is reduced
62
An example of an agent that lowers the surface tension of cells is: a) phenol b) chlorine c) alcohol d) formalin
c) alcohol
63
High temperatures __________ and low temperatures __________. a) sterilize, disinfect b) kill cells, inhibit cell growth c) denature proteins, burst cells d) speed up metabolism, slow down metabolism
b) kill cells, inhibit cell growth
64
Microbe(s) that is/are the target(s) of pasteurization include: a) Closteridium botulinum b) Mycobacterium species c) Salmonella species d) both b and c
d) both b and c
65
The primary mode of action of non-ionizing radiation is to: a) produce superoxide ions b) make pyramidine dimers c) denature proteins d) break disulfide bonds
b) make pyramidine dimers
66
The most practical method of disinfecting municipal water supplies would be: a) UV radiation b) exposure to ozone c) beta propiolactone d) filtration
d) filtration
67
A chemical with sporicidal properties is: a) phenol b) alcohol c) quaternary ammonium compound d) glutaraldehyde
d) glutaraldehyde
68
Silver nitrate is used: a) in antisepsis of burns b) as a mouthwash c) to treat genital gonorrhea d) to disinfect water
a) in antisepsis of burns
69
Detergents are: a) high-level germicides b) low-level germicides c) excellent antiseptics d) used in disinfecting surgical instruments
b) low-level germicides
70
True or false. The process of destroying non-spore-forming organisms on inanimate objects fits within the definition of disinfection.
True
71
True or false. The acceptable temperature/pressure combination for an autoclave is 131C and 9PSI.
False. The acceptable temperature/pressure combination for an autoclave is 121C and 15PSI.
72
True or false. Ionizing radiation dislodges protons from atoms.
False. Ionizing radiation dislodges electrons from atoms.
73
True or false. A microbicide is an agent that destroys microorganisms.
True
74
True or false. Prions are easily denatured by heat.
False. Prions are highly resistant to denaturation by heat.
75
Which of the following is best to sterilize drugs or hormones? a) dry heat b) autoclave c) filtration d) pasteurizaton e) all of the above
c) filtration
76
Bacterial death will result from damage to which of the following structures? a) cell wall b) cytoplasmic membrane c) protein d) all of the above
d) all of the above
77
Which of the following is used for surgical handscrub? a) phenol b) soap c) glutaraldehyde d) chlorhexidine
d) chlorhexidine
78
Which of the following does NOT achieve sterilization? a) dry heat b) pasteurization c) ethylene oxide d) all sterilize
b) pasteurization
79
Which of the following affects the elimination of bacteria from an object? a) number of bacteria b) type of bacteria c) presence of organic material d) all of the above
d) all of the above
80
Which of the following is a limitation of the autoclave? a) doesn't kill endospores b) damage plastic and other heat-sensitive materials c) doesn't kill bacterial cells d) all of the above
b) damage plastic and other heat-sensitive materials
81
Which of the following denatures proteins? a) phenolics b) aldehydes c) halogens d) all of the above
d) all of the above
82
What is the name of an instrument that kills bacteria and other microbes by combining heat and pressure?
Autoclave
83
True or false. Water can be disinfected only with chlorine.
False.
84
Heavy metals inactivate _______________.
Proteins

Microbiology Test 2 (2 decks)

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