Microbial Disease Flashcards
Name normal microbiota of the skin and where they inhabit.
Gram+s typically predominate the normal skin microbiota(e.g. staphylococcus epidermidis)
List symptoms of skin infection.
Redness, pain, swelling, warmth, swollen lymph nodes, fever, etc…
Bacterial SI - Brief notes on staphylococcal infection.
Gram+ staphylococci grow in clusters. A prime example of an infection by this genus/specific is S. Aureus.
Almost all strains of aureus produce coagulase, entertoxin(toxin affecting intestines) and leukocidins(immune subversion molecules). Toxaemia occurs when said toxins enter the blood stream(e.g. toxic shock syndrome caused by TSST-1)
S. Aureus is treated with vancomycin.
Bacterial SI - list/outline infections caused by S. Pyrogenes
Impetigo
Erysipelas
Cellulitis
Necrotising fasciitis
Viral SI - List/outline some viral infections.
Herpes virus(shingles); …
HPV(warts); typically has no symptoms however its common in children who may develop warts classed as flattened, hyperkeratotic lesions.
Measles, rubella; a rare viral infection which transmits through aerosol droplets, primarily within younger children. Characteristically causes a spotty rash and swollen lymph.
Fungal SI - Brief notes on soft tissue fungal infections with examples.
Dermatophytosis; a superficial infection of the epidermis caused by dermatophytic fungi(e.g. Trichophyton-athletes foot)
Candidiasis; a red, tender rash occurring in moist body parts. Caused by Candida albicans.
Give examples of disease agents which INFECT the CNS.
Meningitis
Leprosy
Give examples of disease agents which AFFECT the CNS.
Botulism
Tetanus
Both affect neurons via released toxins.
Explain meningitis, encephalitides, meningoencephalitis, brain abscess, and prion disease.
Meningitis;
Encephalitides;
Meningoencephalitis;
Brain abscess;
Prion disease;
How do microbes invade the CNS?
Pathogens may access the CNS via skull and bone fractures, blood, lymph, or medical procedures.
Outline and explain the bacterial diseases of the NS.
Tetanus; Caused by clostridium tetani, a gram+, endospore forming anaerobe, which is acquired through skin/mucosal insult. Tetanospasmin released blocks relaxation pathway in muscle(inhibits neurotransmitter), prevention via vaccine DTP.
Botulism; Caused by clostridium botulinum, a gram+, endospore forming anaerobe, which is acquired through ingestion of botulinum toxin which blocs release of neurotransmitter(causes flaccid paralysis), prevention proper canning.
Outline and explain the viral disease of the NS.
Polio;
Rabies;
Discuss/brief notes on impetigo.
Superficial skin infection(by Streptococcus pyogenes or S. Aureus) causing sores and blisters. Treated with oral antibiotics(e.g. amoxicillin)
Discuss/brief notes on erysipelas.
It’s an acute skin infection(by Group A S. Pyogenes) involving the dermis layer of skin with the face being a common area of affliction with ecthyma(characterised by crusted sores with ulcers underneath). Treated with penicillin.
Discuss/brief notes on cellulitis & necrotising fasciitis.
Cellulitis is an acute skin infection(by Group A S. Pyogenes) that affects the dermis NCF subcutaneous fat. Treated with amoxicillin.
Necrotising is a rare bacterial infection(by Group A S. Pyogenes) which causes rapid necrosis of soft tissue. Treated with penicillin vancomycin, etc… in a concoction.
