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Microbiology Exam Two > Microbial Diseases Of Skin And Wounds Pt. 2 > Flashcards

Microbial Diseases Of Skin And Wounds Pt. 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the black crusty ulcers called that are seen with cutaneous anthrax?

A

Eschars

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1
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of cutaneous anthrax?

A

Painless, solid, raised nodule that spreads to form black crusty ulcers

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2
Q

What is the pathogen responsible for cutaneous anthrax?

A

Bacillus anthracis

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3
Q

How is cutaneous anthrax acquired?

A

Direct contact with anthrax spores usually from infected animals or animal products including wool, hair, or hides

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4
Q

What can be formed by Bacillus anthracis making them especially difficult to deal with?

A

Endospores

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5
Q

What is the treatment for Bacillus anthracis?

A

Antibiotics

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6
Q

How can cutaneous anthrax be prevented?

A

Control of disease in animals or the vaccine (given to only certain people)

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7
Q

When untreated, what is the fatality rate of cutaneous anthrax?

A

20%

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8
Q

What is the result of anthrax entering the blood with cutaneous anthrax?

A

Toxemia

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9
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of gas gangrene?

A

Extremely painful blackening of infected muscle and skin (necrosis) that produces foul-smelling, gaseous bacterial waste products as gas bubbles

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10
Q

What is the cause of death associated with gas gangrene?

A

Shock, kidney failure often within 1 week

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11
Q

What is the pathogen responsible for gas gangrene?

A

Clostridium perfringens

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12
Q

What can the pathogen involved with gas gangrene produce making it more difficult to deal with?

A

Endospores

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13
Q

How does gas gangrene cause damage to the body?

A

Through the release of 11 toxins

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14
Q

Where does clostridium perfringens grow?

A

GI tracts of animals and humans

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15
Q

How is gas gangrene acquired?

A

Through a traumatic event enabling the endospores to enter

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16
Q

What is the mortality rate for gas gangrene?

A

40%

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17
Q

What is the treatment for gas gangrene?

A

Antitoxin, penicillin, and surgical removal of dead tissue

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18
Q

How can gas gangrene be prevented?

A

Proper cleaning of wounds

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19
Q

Why can’t most poxviruses infect humans?

A

They can’t attach to human cells

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20
Q

Molluscum contagiosum and orf are what kind of disease?

A

Viral diseases of poxviruses

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21
Q

What are the characteristic signs of diseases of poxviruses?

A

Lesions

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22
Q

Is chickenpox caused by a poxvirus?

A

NO (technically by a herpes virus)

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23
Q

What is the first stage of a characteristic lesion involved with pox viruses?

A

Macule

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24
What is the second stage of a characteristic lesion involved with pox viruses?
Papule
25
What is the third stage of a characteristic lesion involved with pox viruses?
Vesicle (full of fluid)
26
What is the fourth stage of a characteristic lesion involved with pox viruses?
Pustule (pus-filled)
27
What is the fifth stage of a characteristic lesion involved with pox viruses?
Crust
28
What is the sixth and final stage of a characteristic lesion involved with pox viruses?
Scar
29
When does a person with smallpox no longer become contagious?
When the very last scab falls off
30
What can result from smallpox blisters being formed around the eyes?
Blindness
31
What are the initial signs and symptoms of smallpox?
Fever, fatigue, headache, occasional vomiting
32
What is the pathogen responsible for smallpox? What is its alternate name?
Smallpox virus (Orthopoxvirus) aka variola virus
33
How is smallpox transmitted?
Inhalation of virus
34
What is the treatment for smallpox?
Immediate vaccination
35
What is the #1 category A bioterrorist threat?
Smallpox
36
When was smallpox vaccination discontinued?
1972 in the US, 1980s worldwide
37
What pox viral disease is considered an emerging disease currently?
Monkeypox
38
Monkeypox is a disease among what animals?
Rodents
39
What are the signs and symptoms of molluscum cantagiosum?
Raised, pearl-like waxy papules (viral warts) typically on the face, trunk, and external genitalia
40
What is the pathogen responsible for molluscum contagiosum?
Molluscum contagiosum virus (molluscipoxvirus)
41
Molluscum contagiosum is most common among what group of people?
Children (1-10 years), sexually active individuals, and AIDS patients
42
Is molluscum contagiosum considered an STD?
No
43
What is the treatment for molluscum contagiosum?
People with normal immunity heal without treatment in about 9 months
44
Can molluscum contagiosum be prevented by condoms?
Not necessarily due to possibility of higher lesions
45
What does the word "herpes" mean in Greek?
To creep
46
What are the signs and symptoms with herpes infections?
Slow-spreading lesions
47
What is the condition called that is oral herpes?
Herpes Labialis
48
What is the condition called that is herpes of the finger?
Herpetic Whitlow
49
What is the general term for the condition where herpes that can occur anywhere?
Herpes Gladitorium
50
About how many people with herpes infections experience recurrences as a result of a latent virus?
2/3
51
Where do herpes viruses typically go to remain latent?
Trigeminal, brachial, sacral, or other ganglia
52
What are common triggers for deactivation of herpes infections?
Immune suppression situations like stress, trauma, illness, sunlight, menstruation, disease, or fever
53
What is the pathogen responsible for herpes infections?
Human Herpes viruses 1 and 2
54
Which herpes virus is generally associated with "above the waist herpes"?
Human Herpesvirus 1
55
Which herpes virus is usually associated with "below the waist herpes"?
Human Herpesvirus 2
56
Is a herpes lesion location 100% indicative of the viral type?
No; there can be crossover
57
How are herpes infections spread?
Direct contact with lesions
58
How long do people possess herpes infections?
Lifelong
59
What is the treatment for herpes lesions?
Antiviral medications are used for control not to cure it
60
What is used to make the diagnosis of herpes infections?
Characteristic lesions
61
What is the medication used to treat herpes lesions?
Valtrex
62
What is the site of latency of the herpes virus causing general coldsores?
Trigeminal ganglion
63
What are the signs and symptoms of chickenpox?
Rash that turns into itchy, fluid-filled blisters that eventually turn into scabs
64
What is the other name for chickenpox?
Varicella
65
What is the usual pathway of the formation of blisters with chickenpox?
Usually starts on the back and trunk then spreads across body
66
What are the signs of shingles?
Painful rash on one side of the face or body (unilateral)
67
What is unique about the pattern of the rash associated with shingles?
Localized to skin along an infected nerve (dermatomal distribution)
68
What is the other name for shingles?
Herpes zoster
69
What is the pathogen responsible for both shingles and chickenpox?
Human herpesvirus 3 aka varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
70
Where does the virus that causes shingles and chickenpox stay while it is dormant?
Dorsal nerve root ganglia
71
What is the frequency for those who have had chickenpox to get shingles?
15% will get shingles
72
Chickenpox mostly occurs among what age group?
Children
73
Chickenpox is more serious when acquired during what phase of life?
Adulthood
74
What is the usual age of onset for shingles?
Over 50
75
What is the relationship between shingles risk and age?
Risk of shingles increases with age
76
About how many people over the age of 85 end up experiencing shingles at some point?
1/2
77
What is used to diagnose both shingles and chickenpox?
Characteristic lesions
78
What is the treatment for shingles of chickenpox?
Based on relief of symptoms
79
When is someone at risk for acquiring chickenpox from someone who has shingles?
If the person is unvaccinated and has never had chickenpox
80
How can shingles or chickenpox be prevented?
Vaccines are available that can create an immunity boost against the diseases
81
What is postherpetic neuralgia?
Pain that persists after a month or longer after the onset of shingles

Microbiology Exam Two (8 decks)

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