Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMS150 test 2 > microbial disorders of the nervous system (wk 6) > Flashcards

microbial disorders of the nervous system (wk 6) Flashcards

1
Q

what is bacterial meningitis

–> which part of the meninges

A

inflammatory infections of the meninges

(particularly the two internal ones, the pia and arachnoid mater)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does bacteria in the menginges symptoms

A

Induces meningial swelling, restricting CSF flow and putting pressure on the organs, causing nausea, pain, vomiting, reduced brain function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

if bacteria meningitis is in the spinal cord what can happen

A

muscles of the neck will become stiff and motor control will be reduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what happens in encephalitis;; bacterial menignitis that effects the brain

A

sensory perceptions are decreased, behavioural changes occur, and coma or death may result

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the test for bacterial meningitis

what is a positive and negative test

A

lumbar puncutre/ spinal tap

positive test= cloudy CSF

negatie test= clear CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which opportunistic members of normal microbiota

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Steptococcus pyogenes
Klebsiella pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what regular disease causing bacteria can cause bacterial memingisti (90%of cases)

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Listeria monocytogenes
Neisseria meningitidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does neisseria meningitidis cause?

A

meningococcal meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are nesirreria meningitidis virulence factors?

A

fimbriae and polysaccharide capsules, Lipooligosaccharide (with Lipid A/Endotoxin), and various factors to prevent digestion in phagocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what mechanism does neisseria meningitidis work through?

A

blebbing –> it releases endotoxin without dying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the leading cause of meningitis

A

streptococcus pneuomniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are streptococcus pneumonia virulence factors?

what is the primary virulent factor?

A

capsule, secretory IgA protease, pneumolysin (inactivator of lysosomal enzymes)

phosporylcholine (attachment to cells of lungs, meninges, blood vessels – and triggers endocytosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

in which type of people can listeria monocytogenes cause meningitis in?

A

Causes meningitis in immunocompromised individuals, but only mild flu in healthy adults.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how can you get listeria monocytogenes

A

contaminated food/drink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is listeria monocytogenes

A

Gram +ve coccobacillus found in soil, water, and many animals (no endospores)

Avoids immune system detection by dividing inside macrophages and epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how does listeria monocytogenes work

A

gets phagocytose and divides and then hijacks actin cytoskeleton to move –> creates a false pseudopod that allows it to go into another cell and infect in by an endosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Listeria monocytogenes
Neisseria meningitidis

how do you get all these bacteria

and how do they spread

A

N. meningitidis, H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae – inhaled in respiratory droplets

Listeria – unpasteurized milk, cheese, meat

Bacteria usually spreads to meninges from infections of lungs,
sinuses, or inner ear

Head or neck trauma may expose meninges directly

Bacteria ferment glucose in CSF for energy

18
Q

how to prevent bacterial meningitis

A

Susceptible individuals should avoid undercooked veggies, unpasteurized milk, undercooked meat and all soft cheese

People living in dormitories should receive vaccinations

19
Q

what is the causative agent of Hansens disease (leprosy)

A

mycobacterium leprae

Signs of disease may not be present for 10-30 years, but when the population becomes big enough, your immune system will aggressively attack them

20
Q

what is the optimal growth for mycobacterium leprae

A

Optimal growth – 30°C – so in the chilly parts of your body (peripheral nerve endings, earlobes, nose, tips of fingers and toes.

21
Q

causative agent of botulism?

A

clostridium botulinum toxin

NOT AN INFECTION; just the toxin

22
Q

what are the 2 types of botulism

A

food borne, infant and wound

Foodborne/Wound Botulism symptoms: paralysis of all voluntary muscles, blurred vision, nausea (death from respiratory paralysis

Infant botulism: not ingested, but C. botulinum can infect GI tract due to absence of microbiota

23
Q

how does the botulism toxin act at the neuromuscular junction?

A

botulism blocks the release of acetylcholine at a neuromuscular junction –> no muscle contraction (relaxed)

24
Q

tetanus causative agent

A

clostridium tetani

25
Q

how does clostridium tentani (tetanus enter)

A

endospore enter through breaks in skin

26
Q

signs. symptoms of clostridium tentani (tetanus)

A

tightening of jaw and neck muscles, difficulty swallowing, fever, spasms

27
Q

treatment or prevention of clostridium tentani (tetanus)

A

Treatment: aggressive treatment of wound, antibiotics

Prevention: Vaccination

28
Q

how does the tetanus toxin (tetanospasmin) work

A

blocks the release of inhibitory neurotransmitter at muscle so that is fully contracted and cant relax

29
Q

what relaxes muscles vs what contract muscles

A

tetanus toxin (tetanospasmin) contracts

botulism toxin= relax

30
Q

West Nile virus transmission cycle

A

starts with mosquito who usually bites crows and dont make them sick but when birds fly away mosquitos start biting mammals and human

31
Q

West Nile virus

transmitted by?

incubation period?

symptoms?

A

Transmitted by mosquito bite

Incubation period of 3-14 days

20-30% get flu-like illness called
West Nile Fever

80% - NO symptoms

32
Q

what happens when West Nile virus gets into the CNS

A

neuroinvasion in 1/150 people

Headache
Ocular manifestations
Muscle weakness
Cognitive impairment Polio-like flaccid paralysis
10% mortality

33
Q

West Nile virus replicative cycle in human

A

via dendritic cells goes in lymph node which releases TNFalpha making BBB more permeable and causes encephalitis in CNS or via viremia it spreads to spleen via blood stream

34
Q

who will die from west nile virus

A

> 70 years old

35
Q

prevent west nile

A

mosquito control and repellent

36
Q

poliomyelitis - poliovirus sym,ptpsm

A

flaccid paralysis, muscle weakness, atrophy of limbs

37
Q

how do you get poliovirus

A

fecal oral root gets in mucus into lymph node and then viremia in extra neural tissue into spinal cord via muscles

and spread systematically via blood

38
Q

poliovirus in mice

A

CD155 transgenic mice

39
Q

polio time course (DIAGRMA)

A

incubation- 7 days
systemic - 5 days
neural- 5 days (headache, nausea, sore throat)
recovery

40
Q

how does polio spread? what do humans act as? weather?

A

Humans are the only known reservoir

Spread by fecal-oral transmission

Peaks during warm months in temperate climates

Complication: post-polio syndrome
30-40 year interval 25-40%
Not an infectious process

41
Q

why has polio decreased so much

A

vaccine

42
Q

polio in 1900s as an epidemic

A

Polio has only minor symptoms for infants and adults (seems like a mild cold)

Early in the 1900s, white, wealthy children starting getting paralytic polio

Connection to modern plumbing, sewer systems, etc.

1988: 350000 cases; 2000s: ~1000 cases/year

  • Americas/Europe: now “polio-free”

BMS150 test 2 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions