Microbial Diversity

Question 1

What 2 classifications can you divide organisms?

Answer 1

Cellular and acellular

Question 2

Define acellular.

Question 3

What are the 7 key groups of microorganisms?

Question 4

How do we sort species? (6 ways)

Question 5

What is the most reliable way to sort species?

Answer 5

DNA sequences

Question 6

Prokaryotic cells (True or false?)
Have a nucleus

Answer 6

False.

Question 7

Prokaryotic cells (True or false?)
Have no membrane bound organelles.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Prokaryotic cells (True or false?)
Have circular chromosomes.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Prokaryotic cells (True or false?)
Sexual reproduction.

Answer 9

False, asexual

Question 10

Prokaryotic cells (True or false?)
Unicellular/colonial.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Prokaryotic cells (True or false?)
Usually large

Answer 11

False. Small

Question 12

Prokaryotic cells (True or false?)
Are ubiquitous.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What kind of cell wall do bacteria have?

Answer 13

Peptidoglycan

Question 14

Are most bacteria harmful to humans?

Answer 14

No. Most are neutral/beneficial

Question 15

Archaeans. True or False.
Peptidoglycan cell wall.

Answer 15

False. non-peptidoglycan

Question 16

Archaeans. True or False.
Ribosomal structure closer to eukaryotes.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Archaeans. True or False.
Found in extreme environments.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Archaeans. True or False.
Associated with disease.

Answer 18

False, wouldn’t survive in the human body.

Question 19

Archaeans. True or False.
Associated with human disease

Answer 19

False

Question 20

What does karyotic mean?

Answer 20

Nut (Pro-prenut) (Eu-Truenut)

Question 21

Name 5 eukaryotes

Answer 21

protists, algae, fungi, plants, animals

Question 22

True or false. Eukaryotes.
Could be unicellular, colony, or multicellular

Answer 22

True.

Question 23

How are fungi different from plants?

Question 24

What is an absorptive heterotroph?

Question 25

What is the cell wall of fungi made of?

Question 26

Are fungi multicellular or unicellular?

Answer 26

Both

Question 27

Common unicellular fungi?

Answer 27

Yeast

Question 28

Common example of a multicellular fungi.

Answer 28

Mould

Question 29

What are hyphae?

Question 30

Are protozoans protists?

Answer 30

No

Question 31

Are protozoans ingestive heterotrophs?

Answer 31

Yes

Question 32

How are protozoans sorted?

Answer 32

Mode of motility

Question 33

True or false. Protozoans are single-celled eukaryotes with animal-like digestion.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What do leishmania cause?

Answer 34

Leishmaniasis

Question 35

What do plasmodium cause?

Answer 35

Malaria

Question 36

What do trypanosoma cause?

Answer 36

African sleeping sickness

Question 37

What do giardia cause?

Answer 37

Giardiasis.

Question 38

Algae. True or false. Can be unicellular or multicellular

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Algae. True or false. They are eukaryotic photosynthetic autotrophs.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

How are algae categorized?

Answer 40

Their pigmentation and composition of their cell walls.

Question 41

Are seaweed and kelp multicellular or unicellular?

Answer 41

Multicellular

Question 42

What is an algal bloom?

Question 43

What causes schistosomisis?

Answer 43

Blood fluke

Question 44

What causes ascariasis?

Answer 44

Ascaris

Question 45

What do tapeworms do?

Answer 45

Absorbs nutrients from intestinal walls.

Question 46

First microbiology in history.

Answer 46

400 BC Hippocrates considers a link between environment and disease.

Question 47

Who first used a microscope?

Answer 47

Robert Hooke

Question 48

Who coined the term cell?

Answer 48

Robert Hooke

Question 49

What did Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek do?

Answer 49

Founder of microbiology. He was the first to report the existence of most types of organisms.

Question 50

What is a protist?

Answer 50

Any eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, plant, or fungus

Question 51

What were Van Leeuwenhoek's discoveries?

Question 52

Who was the founder of taxonomics?

Answer 52

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 53

What are the 7 taxon?

Question 54

Binomial Nomenclature consists of what 2 terms?

Question 55

What did Aristotle contribute?

Answer 55

Abiogenesis.

Question 56

What is spontaneous generation?

Answer 56

Life emerging from non living matter

Question 57

Who questioned Aristotle's theory of spontaneous generation? How?

Answer 57

Fransisco Redi. Through his sealed vs unsealed vs gauze covered flask.

Question 58

How did John Needham support spontaneous generation?

Answer 58

Broth, boiled ( killed everything) then covered vile and the growth came back.

Question 59

What was the Pasteur experiment?

Answer 59

Swan-necked flask experiment. Infusion of heat, steam escapes, air moves out, dust from air settles. He concluded that the microbes in the liquid were the progeny of microbes that had been on the dust particles in the air.

Question 60

What was one of the first examples of the scientific method?

Answer 60

Pasteur and fermentation of grape juice

Question 61

What was Pasteur's final contribution?

Answer 61

Pasteurization.

Question 62

What is pasteurization?

Answer 62

Heating in order to kill most bacteria without ruining the taste and other qualities.

Question 63

What was Paseur's germ theory?

Answer 63

Microorganisms are also responsible for disease. Each disease in caused by a specific germ.

Question 64

What did Robert Koch study?

Answer 64

The etiology of infectious disease

Question 65

Who was the first to: Do simple staining techniques

Question 66

Who was the first to: REVISIT

Answer 66

THE CONTRIBUTIONS

Question 67

What were the 2 major discoveries of Koch?

Question 68

What was Koch's Postulates?

Answer 68

The suspected causative agent must be found in every case of the disease and be absent from healthy cases The agent must be isolated and grown outside the host When the agent is introduced to a healthy, susceptible host, the host must get the disease The same agent must be found in the diseased experimental host.

Question 69

What did Ignaz Semmelweis observe?

Answer 69

That women giving birth where medical students trained died from puerperal fever 20X more than women birthing at home Hypothesized it was due to cadaver particles in med students Handwashing with chlorinated lime water decreased mortality

Question 70

What did Joseph Lister do?

Answer 70

Introduced antiseptic technique and disinfection into surgical theatres.

Question 71

Who sprayed phenol on incisions and wounds?

Answer 71

Joseph Lister

Question 72

Who interested antiseptic techniques into nursing practices. Like scrubbing furniture, equipment, changing clothes and dressings

Answer 72

Florence Nightingale

Question 74

Who successfully correlated cholera propagation with poor water sanitation?

Answer 74

John Snow

Question 75

What did the sanitation of water supply lead to? (2 major branches of microbiology)

Answer 75

1.) infection control 2.) Epidemiology

Question 76

What are the 2 viral variants of smallpox?

Answer 76

Variola Major and Variola Minor

Question 77

What is variolation?

Answer 77

Using dried materials from active small pox individual and scratch it into healthy individual's arm.

Question 78

What was Jenner known for?

Answer 78

Vaccine. Injecting an 8-year old boy with pus from milkmaid's cowpox blisters. Weeks later the boy's antibodies fought smallpox