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Biology 2060 > Microbial Diversity > Flashcards

Microbial Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

Domain Archae

A
  • Pseudo-peptidoglycan cell walls
  • Plasma membrane is a monolayer
  • Many live under extreme conditions
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2
Q

Halobacterium

A
  • Domain Archaea

- Halophile that lives in conditions of very high salt

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3
Q

Thermoplasma

A
  • Domain Archaea

- Lives in very hot conditions like the deep sea vent

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4
Q

Phylum Proteobacteria

A
  • Gram negative bacteria that are chemoheterotrophs
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5
Q

Enterobacteriales

A
  • Phylum Proteobacteria
  • Order
  • Straight rods; motile; facultative anaerobes
    E.g. Salmonella, Eschericia
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6
Q

Salmonella

A

Phylum Proteobacteria

Order: Enterobacteriales

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7
Q

Eschericia

A

Phylum Proteobacteria

Order: Enterobacteriales

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8
Q

Streptococcus

A

Phylum Proteobacteria
Order: Enterobacteriales
- Indicator of fecal contamination

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9
Q

Staphylococcus

A

Phylum Proteobacteria
Order: Enterobacteriales
- Indicator of fecal contamination

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10
Q

Pseudomonas

A

Phylum Proteobacteria
Order: Enterobacteriales
- Indicator of fecal contamination

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11
Q

Pseudomonales

A

Phylum Proteobacteria

  • Order
  • Straight or slightly curved
  • Obligate aerobes (mostly)
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12
Q

Pasteurellales

A

Phylum Proteobacteria

  • Order
  • Non-motile
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13
Q

Pasterurella

A

Phylum Proteobacteria
Order Pasterurellales
Ex: P.multocida

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14
Q

Haemophilus

A

Phylum Proteobacteria
Order Pasterurellales
Ex: H. influenza

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15
Q

Virbionales

A

Phylum Proteobacteria
Order
- Slightly curved & major cause of fish diseases
E.g. Vibrio cholerae & V. parahaemolyticus

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16
Q

Class alpha-proteobacteria

A
  • Capable of growth at low levels of nutrients

- Nitogen fixing bacteria and several human pathogens

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17
Q

Rhizobium

A

Class alpha- proteobacteria

  • Symbiotic with legumes
  • Fix nitrogen from atmosphere into ammonia
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18
Q

Nitrosomonas

A

Class alpha- proteobacteria

  • Found in soil
  • Converts ammonia to nitrites
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19
Q

Nitrobacter

A

Class alpha-proteobacteria

  • Found in soil
  • Converts nitrites to nitrates
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20
Q

Agrobacterium

A

Class alpha-proteobacteria

  • A. tumefasciens: causes plant tumors
  • Inserts DNA into plant chromosome during infection
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21
Q

Rickettsia

A

Class alpha-proteobacteria

  • Obligate cellular parasite
  • Transmitted between hosts of ticks or insects (ex. R. ricketsii)
  • Enter by phagocytosis
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22
Q

R. ricketsii

A

rocky mountain spotted fever

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23
Q

Acetobacter

A

Class alpha-proteobacteria

- converts ethanol into vinegar

24
Q

Wolbachia

A

Class alpha-proteobacteria

  • most common infectious bacterial genus
  • Only infects invertebrates
25
Q

Class beta-proteobacteria

A

Many use anaerobic breakdown products as nutrients

26
Q

Thiobacillus

A

Class beta-proteobacteria

  • Aerobic assimilation of sulfur
  • Oxidize H2S
27
Q

Neisseria

A

Class beta-proteobacteria

- Inhabit mucous membranes

28
Q

Zooglea

A

Class beta-proteobacteria

- Aerobic breakdown of sewage in treatment. plants

29
Q

Bordetella

A

Class beta-proteobacteria

- B. parapetussis: whooping cough

30
Q

Class delta-proteobacteria

A

Predatory on other bacteria

  • sulfur cycle
  • mostly microaerophilic
31
Q

Campylobacter

A

Class delta-proteobacteria
Ex: C.fetus: spontaneous abortions in cattle and sheep
C. jejuni: poultry-borne source of intestinal traumas in humans

32
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

Class delta-proteobacteria

- Peptic and duodenal ulcers

33
Q

Phylum Firmicutes

A
  • Gram positives

- Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Listeria

34
Q

Bacillus

A
  • Aerobic or facultative anaerobic
  • Form endospores
  • Common cause of milk spoilage
35
Q

B. anthracis

A

Phylum Firmicutes
Class Bacillus
- anthrax
- soil contamination

36
Q

B. thuringiensis

A

Phylum Firmicutes
Class Bacillus
- produces a protein crystal next to endospore
- intestinal pH activates protein

37
Q

B. cereus

A

Phylum Firmicutes
Class Bacillus
- important agent in food poisoning in starch foods

38
Q

Staphylococcus

A

Phylum Firmicutes
- irregular clusters of cocci
- facultative anaerobes
E.g. S.aureus

39
Q

Listeria

A

Phylum Firmicutes
- problem in food processing
E.g. L. monocytogenes

40
Q

Lactobacillus

A

Class Lactobacillales

  • Anaerobic aerotolerants
  • produce lactic acid during fermentation
  • considered a probiotic
41
Q

Streptococcus

A

Phylum Firmicutes

  • chain arrangement of cocci
  • facultative anaerobes
  • hemolysis common
    (Group A beta: S.pyogenes; strep throat, scarlet fever)
    (Group B Beta: S. agalactiae; cause of teat mastitis in cows)
42
Q

S. pneumoniae

A

Streptococcus

  • non hemolytic
  • bacterial pneumonia and meningitis
43
Q

S. lactis

A

Streptococcus

- production of cheese

44
Q

Class Clostridiales

A

Phylum FIrmicutes

- Clostridium: strict anaerobes, form endospores

45
Q

Class Mycoplasmatales

A

Phylum Firmicutes

  • mycoplasma
  • lack any cell wall
  • generallt facultative anaerobes
  • veterinary diseases
46
Q

Mycoplasma hypophenumonia

A

Phylum Firmicutes
Class Mycoplasmatales
- pneumonia in swine

47
Q

M. gallisepticum

A

Phylum Firmicutes
Class Mycoplasmatales
- respiratory disease in chickens

48
Q

Phylum Cyanobacteria

A
  • photoautotrophic
  • have a series of internal membranes
  • live in moist areas
  • many can fix nitrogen
    E.g. Anabena & Prochlorococcus
49
Q

Phylum Actinobacteria

A

Gram positives with high G+C content in DNA

50
Q

Mycobacterium

A

Phylum Actinobacteria

- cell wall similar to gram-negative

51
Q

Corynebacterium

A

Phylum Actinobacteria
- Pleomorphic
E.g. C. diphtheriae

52
Q

Streptomyces

A

Phylum Actinobacteria

  • very common in soil
  • reproductive asexual spores
  • many antibiotics come form this
53
Q

Phylum Chlamydiae

A
  • Chlamydia
  • remains in cell vacuole
    e. g. C. trachomatis; sexually transmitted urinary infection
54
Q

Phylum Spirochaetes

A
  • wide array of environments

E.g. Treponema pallidum & Borrelia burgdorferi

55
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Phylum Spirochaetes

- cause of syphillus

56
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Phylum Spirochaetes

- cause of lyme disease

57
Q

Phylum Bacteroidetes

A
  • Bacteroides
  • extremelt abundant in human intestinal tract
  • anaerobic
    E.g. B. succinogenes & B. ruminicola

Biology 2060 (8 decks)

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