microbial fermentation technology 2

Question 1

What is the primary purpose of introducing foreign DNA into microbial strains?

Answer 1

To enhance desirable traits, such as productivity, resistance to stress, or metabolic capabilities.

Question 2

True or False: Genetic engineering can only be performed on bacteria.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

What is a common method used to introduce foreign DNA into microbial cells?

Answer 3

Transformation

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The process of using a virus to transfer DNA into a microbial cell is called __________.

Answer 4

Transduction

Question 5

Which of the following is a method of gene editing used to improve microbial strains? A) CRISPR B) Electroporation C) Lyophilization

Answer 5

A) CRISPR

Question 6

What are plasmids?

Answer 6

Small, circular DNA molecules used to transfer genetic material between organisms.

Question 7

True or False: The use of foreign DNA has no ethical considerations.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

What is one major advantage of using genetically modified microbes in industry?

Answer 8

Increased efficiency and yield of production processes.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: __________ is a method that uses heat to facilitate the uptake of foreign DNA by cells.

Answer 9

Heat shock

Question 10

What is one potential risk associated with using foreign DNA in microbial strains?

Answer 10

Unintended ecological impacts or the creation of pathogenic strains.

Question 11

Multiple choice: Which application is NOT commonly associated with genetically modified microbes? A) Bioremediation B) Food production C) Traditional breeding

Answer 11

C) Traditional breeding

Question 12

What role do restriction enzymes play in genetic engineering?

Answer 12

They cut DNA at specific sequences, allowing for the insertion of foreign DNA.

Question 13

True or False: All genetically modified organisms are harmful to the environment.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

What is the purpose of using selectable markers in genetic engineering?

Answer 14

To identify and select successfully modified organisms.

Question 15

Fill in the blank: The technique of __________ involves using electricity to promote DNA uptake in microbial cells.

Answer 15

Electroporation

Question 16

What is a bioreactor?

Answer 16

A vessel or container in which biological reactions occur, often used for growing microbial cultures.

Question 17

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a disadvantage of using foreign DNA in microbial strains? A) Increased production costs B) Enhanced microbial capabilities C) Faster growth rates

Answer 17

A) Increased production costs

Question 18

What is metabolic engineering?

Answer 18

The practice of optimizing metabolic pathways within an organism to increase the production of desired substances.

Question 19

True or False: Genetic modifications can be reversed in microbial strains.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What is the significance of synthetic biology in relation to microbial strains?

Answer 20

It enables the design and construction of new biological parts, devices, and systems.

Question 21

Fill in the blank: __________ refers to the unintended consequences of releasing genetically modified microbes into the environment.

Answer 21

Ecological risk

Question 22

What technique is commonly used to analyze the expression of foreign genes in microbes?

Answer 22

Quantitative PCR (qPCR)

Question 23

Multiple choice: What is a common application of genetically modified yeast? A) Baking B) Fuel production C) Both A and B

Answer 23

C) Both A and B

Question 24

What is the main goal of bioremediation involving genetically modified microbes?

Answer 24

To degrade pollutants and restore contaminated environments.

Question 25

True or False: All countries have the same regulations regarding the use of genetically modified organisms.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

What are the potential benefits of using microbes in pharmaceuticals?

Answer 26

They can produce complex molecules, such as antibiotics and hormones, more efficiently.

Question 27

Fill in the blank: The introduction of foreign DNA can potentially lead to __________, which is the unintentional spread of modified traits to wild populations.

Answer 27

Gene flow

Question 28

What is a common method for creating genetically modified plants?

Answer 28

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation

Question 29

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using genetically modified strains in agriculture? A) Increased yield B) Reduced pesticide use C) Guaranteed profitability

Answer 29

C) Guaranteed profitability

Question 30

What is the role of bioinformatics in microbial genetics?

Answer 30

It is used to analyze genetic sequences and predict the effects of genetic modifications.

Question 31

True or False: Genetic modification can improve the nutritional content of microbial products.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Fill in the blank: __________ is a process that allows for the targeted alteration of specific genes within an organism's genome.

Answer 32

Gene editing

Question 33

What is the purpose of fermentation in microbial applications?

Answer 33

To convert sugars into acids, gases, or alcohol using microorganisms.

Question 34

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a potential economic advantage of genetically modified microbes? A) Reduced labor costs B) Increased environmental regulations C) Higher market prices for all products

Answer 34

A) Reduced labor costs

Question 35

What is the role of the FDA in the context of genetically modified organisms?

Answer 35

To regulate and ensure the safety of food products derived from genetically modified organisms.

Question 36

True or False: All genetically modified microbes are patented.

Answer 36

False

Question 37

What is one way to ensure that genetically modified microbes do not escape into the environment?

Answer 37

Using containment strategies, such as engineered biosafety measures.

Question 38

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a regulatory body that oversees the safety of biotechnology products in the United States.

Answer 38

USDA

Question 39

What is the significance of horizontal gene transfer in microbial genetics?

Answer 39

It enables microbes to acquire new traits from other organisms, enhancing adaptability.

Question 40

Multiple choice: Which of the following techniques is NOT used for microbial transformation? A) Calcium chloride method B) Particle bombardment C) RNA interference

Answer 40

C) RNA interference

Question 41

What is a benefit of using genetically modified microbes in biofuels?

Answer 41

They can produce biofuels more efficiently and from a wider range of feedstocks.

Question 42

True or False: Genetic modifications can lead to increased resistance to diseases in microbial strains.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

What is a potential ethical concern regarding genetically modified microbes?

Answer 43

The impact on biodiversity and ecosystems.