Microbial Genetics

Question 1

Genetics

Answer 1

the study of heredity

Question 2

Genome

Answer 2

sum total of genetic material of a cell

Question 3

Microbial Genomes

Answer 3

• Bacterial chromosomes are a single circular loop
• Eukaryotic chromosomes are multiple and linear

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

Two strands twisted into a double helix and in opposite directions (antiparallel)

Question 5

nucleotide

Answer 5

Basic unit (monomer) of DNA structure

Question 6

Each nucleotide consists of 3 parts

Answer 6

A 5 carbon sugar
A phosphate group
A nitrogenous base

Question 7

Making an exact duplicate of the DNA involves – different enzymes

Answer 7

30

Question 8

Replication begins at

Answer 8

an origin of replication(ORI)

Question 9

An RNA primer is synthesized at the origin of replication by

Answer 9

Primase

Question 10

Adds nucleotides in a 5′ to 3′ direction

Answer 10

DNA polymerase III

Question 11

Leading strand

Answer 11

synthesized continuously in 5′ to 3′ direction

Question 12

Lagging strand

Answer 12

synthesized 5′ to 3′ in short segments; overall direction is 3′ to 5′

Question 13

Removes the RNA primers and replaces them with DNA

Answer 13

DNA polymerase I

Question 14

RNA

Answer 14

Single-stranded molecule made of nucleotides

Question 15

3 types of RNA

Answer 15

mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA

Question 16

mRNA

Answer 16

carries DNA message through complementary copy; message is in triplets called codons

Question 17

tRNA

Answer 17

made from DNA; secondary structure creates loops; bottom loop exposes a triplet of nucleotides called anticodon which designates specificity and complements mRNA; carries specific amino acids to ribosomes