microbial growth

Question 1

a cold-loving microbes

Answer 1

psychrophiles

Question 2

moderate-temperature loving (25°C - 40°C)

Answer 2

mesophiles

Question 3

heat-loving microbes

Answer 3

thermophiles

Question 4

microorganisms that thrives in extremely hot environments (60°C - 80°C)

Answer 4

hyperthermophiles

Question 5

a common method of preserving household food supplies

Answer 5

refrigeration

Question 6

organisms that do not grow well at low temp., but able to slowly degrade food

Answer 6

psychotrophs

Question 7

tolerant of acidity

Answer 7

acidophiles

Question 8

the optimal pH

Answer 8

6.5-7.5

Question 9

microbial growth is measured by

Answer 9

increase in population

Question 10

the required water for growth

Answer 10

80%-90%

Question 11

a concentration of solutes is higher than in the cell

Answer 11

hypertonic

Question 12

shrinkage of the cell’s cytoplasm

Answer 12

plasmolysis

Question 13

adapted to high salt concentration

Answer 13

extreme halophiles

Question 14

require salt for growth

Answer 14

obligate halophiles

Question 15

do no need salt but can grow at salt concentration up to 2%

Answer 15

facultative halophiles

Question 16

enumerate the physical requirement for microbial growth

Answer 16

-temperature
-pH
-Osmotic Pressure

Question 17

the structural backbone of living matter

Answer 17

carbon

Question 18

required percent of nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus for microbial growth

Answer 18

N-4% while S and P is 4%

Question 19

four trace elements

Answer 19

iron, copper, molybdenum, zinc

Question 20

used to synthesis sulfur

Answer 20

containing amino acid

Question 21

protein and nucleic acid synthesis

Answer 21

nitrogen fixation

Question 22

an aerobic bacteria (oxygen required); its growth occurs only where high concentrations of oxygen have diffused into the medium (upper part)

Answer 22

obligate aerobes

Question 23

can be aerobic and anaerobic growth; its growth is best where most oxygen is present but occurs throughout tube

Answer 23

facultative anaerobes

Question 24

only anaerobic growth; its growth occurs only where there is no oxygen (bottom part)

Answer 24

obligate anaerobes

Question 25

only anaerobic growth; but continues in presence of oxygen (growth occurs evenly; oxygen has no effect)

Answer 25

aerotolerant anaerobes

Question 26

only aerobic growth: growth occurs only where a low concentration of oxygen has diffused into medium (middle part)

Answer 26

microaerophiles

Question 27

enumerate chemical requirements for microbial growth

Answer 27

carbon sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus oxygen organic growth factors

Question 28

bacterial communities in a matrix made up primarily of polysaccharides

Answer 28

biofilm

Question 29

a complex polymer

Answer 29

hydrogel

Question 30

a cell to cell communication, allows the bacteria to coordinate their activity and group together

Answer 30

quorum sensing

Question 31

single species or of a diverse group or microorganisms

Answer 31

biological systems

Question 32

can inhibit biofilm

Answer 32

lactoferrin

Question 33

a nutrient material prepared for the growth of microorganisms in a laboratory

Answer 33

culture medium

Question 34

microbes that are introduced into a culture medium

Answer 34

inoculum

Question 35

microbes that grown and multiply in or on a culture medium

Answer 35

culture

Question 36

a solidifying agent, a complex polysaccharide

Answer 36

agar

Question 37

a type of culture media where an exact chemical composition is known

Answer 37

chemically defined media

Question 38

a type of culture media made up of nutrients including yeasts, meat, or plants, or digests of protein

Answer 38

complex media

Question 39

a liquid medium

Answer 39

nutrient broth

Question 40

an anaerobic culture method, which contain ingredients that chemically combine with dissolve oxygen and deplete the oxygen in the culture medium

Answer 40

reducing medium

Question 41

anaerobic chambers; combines oxygen with hydrogen, removing oxygen as water is formed)

Answer 41

OxyPlate

Question 42

filled with inert gases and is equipped with air locks to introduce cultures and materials

Answer 42

anaerobic chamber

Question 43

a special culture techniques which requires concentrations of CO2 higher or lower than found in atmosphere

Answer 43

carbon dioxide incubators

Question 44

microbes that grown better at high CO2 concentrations

Answer 44

capnophiles

Question 45

known as "the hot zone"

Answer 45

biosafety level 4 (BSL-4)

Question 46

suppress the growth of unwanted bacteria and encourage the growth of the desired microbes

Answer 46

selective media

Question 47

a medium for isolating Salmonella species

Answer 47

bismuth sulfite agar

Question 48

a medium used to isolate fungi (pH 5.6)

Answer 48

Sabouraud's dextrose agar

Question 49

makes it easier to distinguish colonies of the desired organism from other colonies growing on the same plate

Answer 49

differential media

Question 50

a type of medium used to identify bacteria species that destroy red blood cells

Answer 50

blood agar

Question 51

a medium used to isolate and identify Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 51

mannitol salt agar

Question 52

the medium is usually liquid and provides nutrients and environmental conditions that favor the growth of a particular microbe

Answer 52

Enrichment Culture

Question 53

a type of culture media used for the growth of obligate anaerobes

Answer 53

reducing medium

Question 54

a type of culture media used for the growth of most chemoheterotrophs organisms

Answer 54

complex media

Question 55

a type of culture media use for the growth of chemoautotrophs and photoautotrophs; microbiological assays

Answer 55

chemically defined media

Question 56

a type of culture media similar to selective media but designed to increase numbers of desired microbes to detectable levels

Answer 56

enrichment culture

Question 57

a group of the same microorganism attached to one another

Answer 57

colony

Question 58

a method to isolate pure cultures of bacteria from mixed population

Answer 58

streak plate method

Question 59

a pure culture of microbes is placed in a suspending liquid and quick frozen ranging from -50°C to -95°C

Answer 59

deep-freezing

Question 60

a suspension of microbes is quickly frozen at temp ranging from -54°C to -72°C , and the water is removed by a high vacuum (sublimation)

Answer 60

lyophilization (freeze drying)

Question 61

splitting of one cell into two identical daughter cells

Answer 61

binary fission

Question 62

form a small initial outgrowth (a bud) that enlarge until its size approached that of the parent cell

Answer 62

budding

Question 63

the time required for a cell to divide

Answer 63

generation time

Question 64

shows the growth of cells over time

Answer 64

bacterial growth curve

Question 65

enumerate the four phases of bacterial growth

Answer 65

- lag phase - log phase (logarithmic) - stationary phase - death phase

Question 66

"preparing phase"

Answer 66

lag phase

Question 67

shows the growth of cells over time

Answer 67

bacterial growth curve

Question 68

period where population increase

Answer 68

log phase

Question 69

what is the reason of the logarithmic growth in the log phase?

Answer 69

- due to reproduction by binary fission or mitosis

Question 70

period of equilibrium; microbial deaths balance production of new cells

Answer 70

stationary phase

Question 72

period where population is decreasing at a logarithmic rate

Answer 72

death phase