Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MICR 3050 > Microbial Metabolism > Flashcards

Microbial Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What are the requirements for microbial survival and growth?

A
  • source of energy for cellular work
  • source of electrons to reduce CO2 to form organic molecules
  • nutrients (carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen) to synthesize organic building blocks needed for cell maintenance and growth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the different sources of energy?

A
  • organic or inorganic chemical compounds
  • energy is harvested by oxidizing these compounds
  • or sunlight
  • energy is typically conserved in cells as ATP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are phototrophs?

A

organisms that use light as an energy source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are chemotrophs?

A

organisms that obtain energy from oxidizing chemical compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are lithotrophs?

A

organisms that use reduced inorganic substances as a source of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are organotrophs?

A

organisms obtain electrons from organic compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are heterotrophs?

A
  • organisms that use organic molecules as carbon sources (which often serve as energy and electron sources as well)
  • ex: glucose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are autotrophs?

A
  • organisms that use carbon dioxide as their sole or principle carbon source
  • must obtain energy and electrons from other sources
  • primary producers are autotrophs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is metabolism?

A

the total of all chemical reactions occurring in the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is catabolism?

A
  • breaking things down
  • fueling reactions
  • energy conserving
  • provide reducing power (electrons)
  • generate precursors for biosynthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is anabolism?

A
  • the synthesis of complex organic molecules from simpler ones
  • requires energy, electrons, and building blocks from fueling reactions (catabolism)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is free energy (G)?

A

the amount of energy that is available to do useful work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is standard free energy change (deltaG0’)?

A

the change in free energy during a chemical reaction for standard conditions (pH 7, 25 C, 1 atm, 1M concentrations of reactants and products)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an exergonic chemical reaction?

A
  • a reaction that releases energy
  • has a negative standard free energy change
  • catabolism reactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an endergonic chemical reaction?

A
  • a reaction that requires energy
  • has a positive standard free energy change
  • anabolism reactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the role of ATP in metabolism?

A
  • releases 32kJ/mol of energy when hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi
  • coupled to endergonic reactions to make them favorable
  • made in respiration and used to do work
17
Q

What are other energy rich compounds besides ATP?

A
  • phosphoenolpyruvate (-51.6 kJ/mol)
  • 1,3 biphosphoglycerate (-52.0 kJ/mol)
  • acetyl phosphate (-44.8 kJ/mol)
  • acetyl-CoA (-35.7 kJ/mol)
  • ADP (-31.8 kJ/mol)
  • AMP (-14.2 kJ/mol)
  • glucose 6 phosphate (-13.8 kJ/mol)
18
Q

What happens in a redox reaction?

A
  • electron carriers are used to transfer electrons to an electron donor to an electron acceptor
  • can result in energy release, which can be conserved as ATP or another energy-rich compound
19
Q

What is oxidation?

A

the loss of electrons

20
Q

What is reduction?

A

the gain of electrons

21
Q

What is standard reduction potential (E’0)?

A
  • the equilibrium constant for a redox reaction
  • a measure of the tendency of the reducing agent to lose electrons
  • more negative: better electron donor
  • more positive: better electron acceptor
22
Q

How are redox pairs ordered on an electron tower?

A
  • better electron donors at the top (more negative E’0)
  • better electron acceptors at the bottom (more positive E’0)
  • oxidized form on the left
  • reduced form on the right
23
Q

What is the relationship between E’0 and deltaG0’?

A

the greater the difference between the E’0 of the donor and the E’0 of the receptor, the more negative deltaG0’ (more spontaneous)

24
Q

How do electrons travel in the electron tower?

A
  • down and to the left (releases energy)

- to go up the tower, light energy is used during photosynthesis

25
Q

What is the oxidizing agent?

A

the compound that gets reduced

26
Q

What is the reducing agent?

A

the compound that gets oxidized

27
Q

What are the two classes of electron carriers?

A
  • coenzymes: freely diffusible, can transfer electrons from one place to another in the cell (ex: NAD+)
  • prosthetic groups: firmly attached (fixed) to enzymes in the plasma membrane, function in membrane-associated electron transport reactions (ex: cytochromes)
28
Q

What do NAD+ and NADP+ do?

A
  • coenzymes
  • can carry 2 electrons and 1 H+
  • NAD+ is involved in catabolism
  • NADP+ is involved in anabolism
  • oxidized form of NADH and NADPH
29
Q

How are NAD+ and NADH cycled?

A
  1. Enzyme I reacts with electron donor and NAD+ (coenzyme) to form the enzyme substrate complex
  2. NADH and reaction product are formed
  3. Enzyme II reacts with electron acceptor and NADH (coenzyme) to form the enzyme substrate complex
  4. NAD+ and reaction product are formed

MICR 3050 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions