Microbial Nutrition II

Question 1

Both bacteria/archaea and eukaryotes use diffusion and active transport, what is unique between them?

Answer 1

B/A = group translocation (prokaryote)
E = endocytosis

Question 2

What compounds can move across the membrane freely in ___ diffusion

Answer 2

Water
Oxygen
Carbon-dioxide
Passive

Question 3

What are the names of the carrier molecules in ___ diffusion

Answer 3

Permeases and transporters

Facilitated

Question 4

The rate of facilitated diffusion (increases or decreases) more rapidly at lower concentrations, and reaches a plateau when what reaches ___

Answer 4

Increases
Carrier
Saturated

Question 5

What is the name of an active transporter that creates ATP?

Answer 5

ATP-binding cassette

Question 6

Describe what happens in group translation and what kind of dependent process is it?

Answer 6

Molecules are chemically modified as they are brought into the cell
Energy dependent

Question 7

What is the process in which eukaryotes take up substances form the outside of the cell?

Answer 7

Endocytosis

Question 8

Why is iron uptake difficult and what is used to help aid the process?

Answer 8

Ferric iron (Fe+3) is insoluble 
Siderophores aid uptake

Question 9

Are prokaryotes diploid or haploid?

Answer 9

Haploid (unpaired chromosomes)

Question 10

Is sexual or asexual reproduction used to create diversity among the population?

Answer 10

Asexual

Question 11

What are three strategies used by cells for reproduction?

Answer 11

1. Budding
2. Multiple fission
3. Fragmentation

Question 12

Generally, growth curves refer to populations of microorganisms cultivated in what type of culture?

Answer 12

Batch culture

Question 13

Phase in which cells are synthesizing component but are not dividing

Answer 13

Lag phase 
(varies among species)

Question 14

Phase in which there is balanced growth

Answer 14

Exponential phase / log phase

Question 15

What is the generation time equation

Answer 15

n = log2 (Nt/N0)
Nt: number of cells present at time t
N0: initial number of cells present (at time 0)

Question 16

Phase in which the total number of viable cells remains constant

Answer 16

Stationary phase

Question 17

What are three possible reasons for the stationary phase?

Answer 17

Nutrient limitation
Toxic waste accumulation
Critical population density

Question 18

What does VBNC stand for in the death phase?

Answer 18

Viable but not culturable

Question 19

What are the four phases of growth?

Answer 19

1. Lag phase
2. Exponential / Log phase
3. Stationary phase
4. Death phase