Microbio Flashcards
(19 cards)
Strep Pneumonia is a gram ___ cocci, Catalase ____, ____ hemolytic, Optochin _____, positive ____ reaction and ____ (is or is not?) encapsulated
Presents as ____ colored sputum
Along with Legionella, you can use an ____ test for positivity
+, -, alpha, sensitive, Quellung , is
Rust
Urinary antigen
Haemophilus Influenzae is gram ____, plemomorphic ____, grows on ____ and requires factor X and V
Also can exacerbate COPD
-, rod (coccibacilla), chocolate agar
Staphylococcus Aureus is a gram ____ cocci that forms clusters, Catalase ____, Coagulase ____, presents with ____ colored sputum
It can cause a _____ pneumonia and often seen in DRUG abusers
Remember, MRSA can be important
+, +, +, salmon
Necrotizing
Klebsiella Pneumoniae is a gram ____, ____ in shape it causes ____ sputum, it ______ ferment lactose and causes ____ pneumonia in patients:
4 As of AlebsiellA -> Aspiration pneumonia, Alcoholics, di-A-betics, and Abscess in lungs and liver
Also can cause UTIs in nosocomial patients
Realize that in order to determine a gram - bug, you grow it on _____ agar
-, rod, currant-jelly, does, lobar
MacConkey
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa is a gram ____, ____, it ____ ferment lactose (aka AEROBIC), produces ____ which is a blue-green pigment, it has a ____-like smell with a slime layer and often can cause typical pneumonia in patients with _____ or Kartangers syndrome aka Primary Ciliary dyskinesia
Realize ____ also occurs in CF patients and has pretty much the same characteristics of P Aeruginosa, except if a question is given about P Aeruginosa I’d assume it also says something about Pyocyanin aka blue-green pigment produced
Also Burkholderia has _____ colonies
-, rod, does not, does not, pyocyanin, grape, CF
Burkholderia Cepacia, pearly gray
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae is an extracellular bacteria with NO ____, ____ appearance on colonies and ____-shaped, can present as microcytic anemia secondary to + ____, also ____ often seen which is inflammation of the tympanic membrane
Since there is no cell wall, penicillins wont work (like amoxicillin) so instead start with a ____, doxycycline, or ____
Cell wall, fried-egg, mulberry, cold agglutinins, bollous myringitis
Macrolide, Fluoroquinolone
Legionella Pneumophilia spreads via ____ systems, causes hyponatermia, relative bradycardia aka ____ temp and ____ pulse rate, and grows on ____ with ___ and ___ needed
Also use a SILVER stain
Common in smokers and chronic lungers
AC/water, high, low, charcoal yeast extract, iron and cystine
Chlamydia is an _____ bacteria with ____ bodies or reticulate bodies seen
Can NOT make its own ATP and cell wall lacks muramic acid
Chlamydia Pneumoniae is transmitted via ____ droplets and can cause walking pneumonia aka usually follows an URI and the patient will have a ____
Chlamydia Psittaci will be similar and reservoir is ____ and also causes atypical pneumonia, often with hepatitis and mucopurulent sputum
Obligate Intracellular, elementary
Respiratory, Hoarse voice
Birds (aka parrots)
Orthomyxovirus aka the Flu (Influenza virus) is an evenloped ____ (+ or -?) ____sRNA with an ____ segment genome
Contains Hemagluttin and Neraminidase
Sudden Shift is more deadly than graDual Drift
Aka Antigenic Shift causes PANDEMICS and is much worse (think of swine flu) vs antigenic Drift causes EPIDEMICS and isn’t as horrible (think new vaccine each year due to drift)
It can also cause ___ syndrome (swelling of the brain and liver) and Guillain barre syndrome
-, ssRNA, 8
Reye
Young military recruits often can come down with ____ which is a ___dDNA virus with NO envelope and can cause ARD, Pneumonia, and _____
Can also cause soar throat (febrile pharyngitis)
Adenovirus, dsDNA, pink eye (pharyngoconjunctivitis)
_____ can cause SARS, MERS, or the common cold
It is enveloped, and ____ (+ or -?) ____sRNA virus with fever of greater than 100 and flu like symptoms and progressive hypoxia
^** So realize this can present similar to the flu aka Orthomyxovirus, but + ssRNA instead of -ssRNA
_____ seen in china, Taiwan, Hong kong and ____ in the middle east
Coronavirus
+, ssRNA
SARS, MERS
The Hanta virus is caused by ____ virus and they are a ____ (+ or -) ___sRNA enveloped virus with ____ segments
Hantavirus is characterized by hemorrhagic fever and pneumonia along with pulmonary syndrome leading to cough, myalgia, dyspnea, PULMONARY EDEMA, massive infiltrates, etc and is associated with ____
Bunyavirus, -, ssRNA, 3
Rodents
If you see Hyphae, think ____
1) Ohio river valley and Mississippi river + Bat/Bird droppings = _____
^** NARROW based budding yeast
2) Southwestern US (like arizona), Dessert vally fever with Erythema nodosum, spherules that release endospores, calcified pulmonary lesions = ____
3) Broad Based Budding, double cell wall, can cause granulomatous nodules = _____
Fungus
1) Histoplasma Capsulatum (aka Spelunkers disease)
2) Coccidioides immitis
3) Blastomycosis dermatitidis
High fever, Hepatitis, Subconjunctival hemorrhage, aseptic meningitis and transmitted via contact with animal urine = ____
Visualized via ____ microscopy
Another zoonotic bacteria that can cause Q fever is ____ and assocaited with aerosols of cattle/sheep amniotic fluid and splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, NO jaundice unlike Leptospira and gram - endospores
^** Most common cause of culture - endocarditis
Leptospira Interrogans (which is a spirochete)
Dark field
Coxiella burnetii
Central black eschar and widened mediastinum, with gram + and spore forming = ____ and only bacterium with a ____
Bacillus anthracis, polypeptide capsule
If a patient has gram -, aerobic, facultative intracellular pathogen and drinks unpasteurized milk or works in the slaughter house, think ____ and this can cause _____ (rises and falls)
Tularensis = Rabbit fever
Brucella abortus, Undulant fever
M. Tuberculosis is an ACID fast Bacilli (rod) that is also ____ (aerobic or anaerobic?) and fluoresces APPLE GREEN with _____ staining
^** You can confirm the auramine-rhodamine stain with a _____ (RED RODS) or Kinyon stain
It produces ____ that inhibits macrophage maturation and ____ to inhibit phagolysosome fusion and both of these create a hypersensitivity reaction
Also forms Gohn complexes
Aerobic, auramine-rhodamine
Ziehl-Neelsen
Chord factor, Sulfatides
M. Kanasasii is an acid fast rod and obligate aerobe
Presents often in patients with chronic lung diseases and can NOT be transmitted person to person (since it is acquired from the environment) and produces _____ (which are yellow pigments when exposed to light)
Major reservoir is _____
Photochromogens
Tap water
Mycobacterium ____ is acid fast bacillus that likes COLD temps and causes “glove and stocking” loss of sensation and can NOT be grown in vitro
2 forms:
1) Lepromatous presents as “lion face” and is characterized by a ____ cell mediated immunity and a strong Humoral ____ response
2) Tuberculoid form presents with a few hairless skin plaques (more unilateral lesions) and is characterized by a ____ cell mediated immunity and a strong _____ cell response
Treat Tuberculoid form with ____ and _____ and the Lepromatous form with ____
Leprae
Low (think L for Low), Th2
High, Th1
Dapsone and Rifampin, Dapsone + Rifampin + Clofazimine
