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Microbio - antiviral drugs Flashcards

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0
Q

Do not give aspirin in children for fever,. You give what?

A

Acetaminophen

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1
Q

Chemical treatment for genital warts

A

Podophyllin

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2
Q

Host-coded proteins that are member of cytokines and which inhibits viral replication.

A

Interferon (IFN)

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3
Q

type II or immune interferon

A

IFN Gamma

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4
Q

T or F: IFN does not protect virus-infected cell and not itself the antiviral agent

A

True

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5
Q

Neuraminidase inhibitors that can shorten course of influenza A and B infection

A

Zanamivir (inhaled)

Oseltamivir (oral)

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6
Q

Rimantadine and amantadine action

A

Prevents viral un coating in influenza A

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7
Q

Inhibits early replication of influenza A (not B)

Prevents in coating by binding to M2 (matrix protein)

A

Amantadine

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8
Q

Other name for amantadine

A

Alpha-adamantanamine

Symmetrel

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9
Q

Resistant strains of influenza A to amantadine

A

H3N2 virus

H1N1 strains

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10
Q

Has longer half life than amantadine

Require no dosage adjustment in renal failure

A

Rimantadine

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11
Q

Other name for rimantadine

A

Flumadine

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12
Q

Drugs that inhibits NA synthesis

A 
Acyclovir
Ganciclovir
Vidarabine
Fomivirsen 
Foscarnet
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13
Q

Drug of choice for HSV-1 encephalitis

A

Acyclovir

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14
Q

Treatment fro HSV 1&2 and VZV

A

Acyclovir

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15
Q

Phsphorylated acyclovir is converted by thymidine kinase into…. which interferes with viral synthesis by acting as competitive substrate for DNA polymerase and chain termination

A

Acyclovir triphosphate

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16
Q

Acyclovir triphosphate inhibits DNA synthesis by (2)

A

Competitive substrate for DNA polymerase

Chain termination

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17
Q

Involved in the initial viral-specific phosphorylation of acyclovir

A

Thymidine kinase

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18
Q

Prodrug and oral prep of ganciclovir

A

Valgancyclovir

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19
Q

Prodrug of acyclovir?

A

Valacyclovir.

It has longer duration

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20
Q

Another guanosine analog that does not cause chain termination

A

Penciclovir

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21
Q

Major route of elimination of acyclovir

A

Renal excretion

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22
Q

Mode of action of ganciclovir

A

Inhibits DNA polymerase of cmv and HSV

Chain termination

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23
Q

Treatment for CMV infection

A

Ganciclovir

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24
Dihydroxypropoxymethylguanine (DHPG)
Gancyclovir
25
Drug of choice for CMV retinitis
Gancyclovir
26
Adverse effect of ganciclovir
``` MaLTHuS Mucositis Leukopenia Thrombocytopenia Hepatic dysfunction Seizure ```
27
Adenine arabinose, ara-A
Vidarabine
28
Nucleoside analog of arabinose, instead of ribose. | Teratogenic.
Vidarabine
29
Topical herpes keratitis but no effect on genital lesions
Vidarabine
30
Adverse effect of vidarabine
``` GiPiTCH Gi irritation Paresthesia Tremor Convulsion Hepatic dysfunction ```
31
Antisense oligonucleotide that binds to mRNA of CMV
Fomivirsen
32
Trisodium phosphonoformate, foscavir
Foscarnet
33
Injected intravitreally for treatment of CMV retinitis
Fomivirsen
34
Does not require phosphorylation Inhibits DNA and RNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase Pyrophosphate analog
Foscarnet
35
Prophylaxis and treatment for ganciclovir-resistant strains
Foscarnet
36
Adverse effects of foscarnet
Nephrotoxicity Hypocalcemia Hallucination Seizures
37
Structural difference between nucleoside and nucelotide
Nucleotide has an attached phosphate group | It has an ability to persist in cells for long period of time increasing their potency
38
NNRTI or NRTI Do not need phosphorylation Binds directly and incompetitively to reverse transcriptase
NNRTI
39
NRTI or NNRTI: Competitive inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase Requires intracytoplasmic activation via phosphorylation Activity against HIV-1 and HIV-2
NRTI
40
NRTI or NNRTI : Binds directly to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase resulting in allosteric inhibition of RNA and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase. Neither competes with nucleoside triphosphate s nor require phosphorylation to be active No activity against HIV-2
NNRTI
41
NRTIs
``` Azidothymidine (zidovudine, AZT) Dideoxyinosine (didanosine, ddI) Dideoxycytidine (zalcitabine, ddC) Didehydro-dideoxythymidine (stavudine, d4T) Ribavirin (Virazole) Emtricitabine Methisazone (N-methylisatin B-thiosemocarbazone) Tenofivir Lamivudine (3TC) ```
42
Confers resistance to NRTIs
Pol genes
43
Zidovudine, retrovir, AZT
Azidothymidine
44
Drug of choice for patients with AIDS
Azidothymidine
45
Increase plasma levels of azidothymidine by...
Antifungals
46
This drug increases the clearance of azidothymidine
Rifampin
47
Primary adverse effect of azidothymidine
Bm suppression
48
Treatment for AIDS patients resistant to azidothymidine
Dideoxyinosine
49
Primary adverse effect of dideoxyinosine
Pancreatitis | Peripheral neuropathy
50
Didanosine, videx, ddl
Dideoxyinosine
51
Drug is metabolized into ddATP to be active
Dideoxyinosine
52
Drug is metabolized to ddCTP to be active
Dideoxycytidine
53
Zalcitabine, hivid, ddc
Dideoxycytidine
54
Main adverse effect of dideoxycytidine
Peripheral neuropathy
55
Stavudine, zerit, d4T
Didehydro-dideoxythymidine
56
Treatment for advance AIDS patients
Didehydro-dideoxythymidine
57
Main adverse effect of Didehydro-dideoxythymidine
Peripheral neuropathy Lactose acidosis Hepatic steatosis
58
Ddl, ddc, d4T all cause this adverse effect
All Ds cause peripheral neuropathy
59
Thiazole-carboxamide moiety is substituted by aminoimidazole-carboxamide
Ribavirin
60
Virazole
Ribavirin
61
Inhibits synthesis of guanine nucleotides | For RSV infection in children
Ribavirin
62
Contains propylene glycol Contraindications for pregnancy and young children Adverse effects of renal or hepatic dysfunction
Emtricitabine
63
1st protease inhibitor to be approved for treatment of HIV
Saquinavir
64
Inhibitor of protease encoded by HIV
Saquinavir | Indanivir
65
N-methylisatin - B-thiosemicarbozone
Methisazone
66
Inhibits pox protein synthesis | Blocks translation of late mRNA
Methisazone
67
Has activity against HBV | Asso with fanconi's syndrome
Tenofovir
68
Included in HAART regimen Effective against HBV infection by inhibiting DNA polymerase Safely administered to patients with decompensated liver disease
Lamivudine (3TC)
69
Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) | 1st line standard care
2 NRTI + 1 PI
70
NNRTI
Delavirdine Efavirenz Efavirine Nevirapine
71
NNRTI that are teratogenic
Delavirdine | Efavirenz
72
Frequent adverse effects of NNRTI
Rash (ulceration, SJS)
73
1st NNRTI to be approved for treating HIV infection
Nevirapine
74
Blood levels decreased by antacids, phenytoin and rifampin Increased by azole antifungals and macrolides Teratogenic
Delavirdine
75
Has an adverse effect of nightmare and nausea
Efavirenz
76
Blood level of delavirdine is increased by ...
Azole, antifungal and macrolides
77
Blood level of delavirdine is decreased by
Antacids, phenytoin and rifampin
78
Enhance bioavailability by fatty foods Metabolized by cytochrome p450 Teratogenic
Efavirenz
79
Newest NNRTI
Efavirine
80
For treatment-experienced HIV Effective against HIV strains resistant to other drugs Induced CYP3A4 Inhibits CYP2C9 and CYP2C19
Efavirine
81
Efavirine inhibits ..
CYP2C9 and CYP2C19
82
NNRTI that penetrates most tissue including CNS and placenta Metabolized by CYP3A4 Effective in preventing HI vertical transmission
Nevirapine

Med Prep (52 decks)

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