microbio systems Flashcards
1
Q
Normal flora of the colon
A
b. fragilis > E. coli
2
Q
Noraml flora of the vagina
A
lactobacillus, colonized by E. Coli and group B strep
3
Q
B. cereus assoc with what kind of food poisoning
A
reheated rice
4
Q
C. botlinum food poisoning
A
improperly canned foods, raw honey
5
Q
C. perfringens food poisoning
A
reheated meat
6
Q
E coli O157:H7 food poisoning association
A
undercooked meat
7
Q
salmonella food poisoning
A
poulty, meat and eggs
8
Q
staph aureus food poisoning
A
meats, mayonnaise, custard; preformed toxin
9
Q
v. parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus food poisoning
A
contaminated seafood
10
Q
campylobacter
A
bloody diarrhea; comma or S shaped organisms; grow at 42 deg C
11
Q
entamoeba hystolitica
A
bloody diarrhea; protozoa; amebic dysentery, liver abscess
12
Q
EHEC
A
0157:H7; bloody diarrhea; HUS; Shiga-like toxin
13
Q
EIEC
A
bloody diarrhea; invades colonic mucosa
14
Q
Salmonella
A
bloody diarrhea; lactose negative; flagellar motility; has animal resevoir, esp poultry and eggs
15
Q
Shigella
A
bloody diarrhea; lactose negative; produces Shiga-toxin; human resevoir only; bacillary dysentery
16
Q
yersinia enterocolitica
A
bloody diarrhea; day care outbreaks; pseudoappendicitis
17
Q
c. diff
A
nonbloody diarrhea; pseudomembraneous collitis; caused by abx; occasionally bloody diarrhea
18
Q
c. perfringens
A
nonbloody diarrhea; assoc wth reheated meat; also causes gas gangrene
19
Q
ETEC
A
traveler’s nonbloody diarrhea; produces heat-labile and heat stable toxins
20
Q
protozoa
A
nonbloody diarrhea caused by giardia or cryptosporidium
21
Q
vibrio cholera
A
nonbloody diarrhea; comma-shaped organisms; rice water diarrhea; often from infected seafood
22
Q
viruses that cause nonbloody diarrhea
A
rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus
23
Q
Pneumonia in neonates
A
GBS and e. coli
24
Q
pneumona in kids
A
virueses (esp RSV), mycoplasma, c. trachomatis (less than 3 yo), c. pneumoniae (school-aged kids), strep pneumo
25
pneumonia in adults
strep pneumo, c. pneumoniae, mycoplasma, h. influenza, anaerobes, and viruses
26
pneumonia in the elderly
strep pneumo, influenza virs, anaerobes, h. influenzae, gram neg rods
27
pneumonia in alcoholics/IVDU
strep pneumo, klebsiella, staph aureus
28
aspiration pneumonia
anaerobes (peptostreptococcus, fusobacterium, prevotella, bacteroides)
29
atypical pneumonia
mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia
30
CF pneumonia
pseudomonas, staph aurea, strep pneumo
31
pneumonia in the immunocompromised
staph aureus, enteric GNR, fungi, viruses, PCP
32
nosocomial pneumonia
staph aureus, pseudomonas, other enteric GNR
33
postviral pneumonia
staph aureus, h. influenzae, strep pneumo
34
meningitis in newborns
listeria, e coli, GBS
35
meningitis in kids
strep pneumo, neisseria meningitidis, HIB, enteroviruses
36
meningitis in adults
strep pneumo, neisseria menignitidis, enteroviruses, HSV
37
meningitis in elderly
strep pneumo, GNR, listeria
38
treatment for suspected meningitis
ceftriaxone and vancomycin (add ampicillin if Listeria is suspected)
39
viral causes of meningitis
enteroviruses (esp coxsackie virus), HSV-2 (HSV-1 is more encephalitis), HIV, West Nile virus (also causes encephalitis), VZV
40
CSF findings in bacterial meningitis
increased opening pressure, increased PMNs, increased protein, decreased glucose
41
CSF findings in fungal or TB meningitis
increased opening pressure; increased lymphocytes; increaed protein, decreaed sugar
42
CSF findings in viral meningitis
increased or normal opening pressure; increased lymphoctyes; increased or normal protein; normal glucose
43
infections causing brain abscesses
usually staph aureus or strep; if dental infection, think oral anaerobes; multiple abscesses are typically from bacteremia; single lesions are from contiguous sites (OM and mastoiditis cause temporal lobe and cerebellar abscess; sinusitis or dental infection cause frontal lobe abscess; toxo reactivation in AIDS
44
osteomyelitis organism
usually staph aureus
45
osteo in sexually active
neisseria gonorrhea (rare, septic arthritis is more common)
46
osteo in sickle cell disease
salmonella and staph aureus
47
osteo in prosthetic joint replacement
staph aureus or staph epidermidis
48
vertebral osteomyelitis
staph aureus, mycobacterium TB (Pott disease)
49
osteo from cat or dog bite
pastuerella multicoda
50
osteo in IVDU
pseudomonas, candida, staph aureus
51
UTI bugs
E coli, second is staph saprophyticus, third is klebsiella pneumoniae
52
e coli
leading cause of UTI, colonies show green metallic sheen on EMB agar
53
staph sapro
second most common cause of UTI
54
klebsiella pneumoniae
third most common cause of UTI; large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies
55
serratia marcescens
can cause UTI; some strains produce a red pigment; often nosocomial and drug resistant
56
enterococcus
can cause UTI; often nosocomial and drug resistant
57
proteus
can cause UTI; motility causes "swarming" on agar; produces urease; assoc with struvite stones
58
psuedomonas aeruginosa
can cause UTI; blue-green pigment and fruity odo; usually nosocomial and drug-resistant
59
Bacterial vaginosis
no inflammation; thin, white discharge with fishy odor; clue cells, pH>4.5; treat with metronidazole
60
trichomoniases
inflammation; "strawberry cervix"; frothy gray-green foul-smelling discharge; motile trichomonads; pH>4.5; treat with metronidazole, and also treat sexual partner
61
candida vulvovaginitis
inflammation; thick, white cottage cheese discharge; pseudohyphae; pH normal (4-4.5), treat with the -azoles
62
ToRCHeS infections
microbes that pass from mom to fetus; toxo, rubella, CMV, HIV and HSV2, syphilis
63
toxoplasma gondii
cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat; usually asymptomatic in the mother; neonatal manifestations are chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcifications, with or without blueberry muffin rash
64
rubella
transmitted by respiratory droplets; in mom, causes rash, lymphadenopathy, arthritis; neonatal manifestations are PDA (or pulm artery hyperplasia), cataracts, deafness, and possily blueberry muffin rash
65
CMV
acquired through sexual contact or organ transplants; in mom, usually asymp or mono-like illness; in baby, hearing loss, seizures, petechial rash, blueberry muffin rash, periventricular calcifications
66
HIV
presents in baby with recurrent infections, chronic diarrhea
67
HSV-2
usually asymp in the mom or herpetic (vesicular) lesions; in baby, presents with encephalitis and lesions
68
Syphilis
presents in baby as stillbirth, hydrops fetalis; if child survives, presents with facial abnormalities (notched teeth, saddle nose, short maxilla), saber shins, CN8 deafness
69
red rashes of childhood
coxsackie virus type A, HHV-6, measles, parvirus B19, rubella, strep pyogenes, VZV
70
coxsackie virus type A
hand-foot and mouth disease; oval vesicles on palms and soles; vesicles and ulcers in oral mucosa
71
HHV-6
roseola (exanthum subitum); asymp rose-colored macules appear after several days of high fever
72
measles
measles (rubeola); rash preceded by cough, coryza, conjunctivits and blue-white Koplik spots on buccal mucosa
73
parvo B19
slapped cheek rash on face; can cause hydrops fetalis in pregnant women
74
rubella virus
aka german measles; pink macules begin at head and move down to fine desquamating truncal rash; postauricular lymphadenopathy
75
strep pyogenes
can cause scarlet fever; erythematous sandpaper-like rash with fever and sore throat
76
VZV
chickenpox; vesicular rash begins on trunk and spread to face and extremities with lesions of different ages
77
chancroid
sexually transmitted; painFUL genital ulcer with exudate, inguinal adenopathy; caused by haemophilus ducreyi
78
condylomata acuminata
genital warts, caused by HPV 6 and 11
79
lymphogranuloma venereum
caused by chlamydia trachomatis (L1-L3); infection of lymphatics; painless genital ulcers, painful lymphadenopathy
80
infections of decubitus ulcers, surgical wounds, drains
staph aureus (incl MRSA), gram neg anaerobes
81
infections of IV catheters
staph aureus (incl MRSA), staph epi, enterobacter
82
infections assoc with mechanical ventilations and ETT
pseudomonas, klebsiella, acinetobacter, staph aureus; note, pseudomonas has a sweet odor
83
infections assoc with renal dialysis unit, needlestick
hep b
84
infections assoc with urinary catheter
e coli, klebsiella, proteus
85
infections assoc with water aerosols
legionella (signs of pneumonia and GI symptoms)
86
rubella virus
rash beginning at head and moving down with posterior auricular lymphadenopathy
87
measles virus
rash begins at head and moves down; rash preceded by cough, coryza, conjunctivitis and Koplik pots on buccal mucosa
88
HIB
microbe colonizes the nasopharynx; can present as meningitis or epiglottitis (cherry red epiglottis) with thumbprint sign on xray
89
poliovirus
meningitis, myalgia, paralysis
90
corynebacterium diptheriae
toxin causes necrosis in pharynx, cardiac, and CNS tissue; grayish oropharyngeal exudate with painful throat
91
asplenic patient
encapsulated microbes (pneumococcus, meningococcus, HIB)
92
branching rods in oral infection, sulfur granules
actinomyces israelii
93
chronic granulomatous disease
catalase pos microbes, esp staph aureus
94
currant jelly sputum
klebsiella
95
dog or cat bite
pastuerella multicoda
96
facial nerve palsy
borrelia burgdorferi
97
fungal infection in diabetic or immunocomp patient
mucor or rhizopus
98
health care provider
hep B (from needle stick)
99
neutropenic paitne
candida albicans (systemic), aspergillus
100
organ transplant recipient
CMV
101
PAS pos
tropheryma whipplei (Whipple disease)
102
pediatric infection
h. influenzae (incl epiglottitis)
103
pneumonia in CF, burn infection
pseudomonas
104
pus, empyema, abscess
staph aureus
105
rash on hands and feet
coxsackie A virus, syphilis, or rickettsia rickettsii
106
sepsis/meningitis in new born
GBS
107
traumatic open wound
clostridium perfringens
