Microbiology 1

Question 1

fermentation

Answer 1

n. 發酵

Question 2

pasteurization

Answer 2

n. 巴斯德滅菌法

Question 3

Mold

Answer 3

n. 黴菌

Question 4

antiseptic

Answer 4

adj. 殺菌的
n. 防腐劑

Question 5

Protozoa

Answer 5

原生動物

Question 6

Streptococci

Answer 6

鏈球菌

Question 7

Staphylococci

Answer 7

葡萄球菌

Question 8

Sarcinae

Answer 8

八疊球菌

Question 9

Bacilli

Answer 9

芽孢桿菌 (Gram positive)

Question 10

Coccobacilli

Answer 10

球桿菌

Question 11

Vibrios

Answer 11

弧菌 (Gram negative)
- resemble rods, comma shaped

Question 12

Spirilla

Answer 12

螺菌
- 僵硬螺旋狀

Question 13

Spirochetes

Answer 13

螺旋體門
- 有彈性的螺旋狀

Question 14

Mycelium

Answer 14

菌絲體
- network of long, multinucleate filaments

Question 15

Pleomorphic

Answer 15

多形性
- organisms that are variable in shape and lacking a single, characteristic form

Question 16

attenuation

Answer 16

n. lose their ability to cause disease

Question 17

Pathogen

Answer 17

病原

Question 18

Hopanoids

Answer 18

A kind of sterol(固醇)-like molecules found on bacterial plasma membranes

Question 19

facultative anaerobic bacteria

Answer 19

兼性厭氧菌（可有氧也可無氧）

Question 20

obligate anaerobic bacteria

Answer 20

專性厭氧菌（僅能無氧）

Question 21

siderophores

Answer 21

嗜鐵素

Question 22

Peptidoglycan

Answer 22

肽聚醣 (=murein)

Question 23

Glycerol

Answer 23

甘油

Question 24

Periplasm

Answer 24

G+: The space between plasma membrane and cell wall (pepticoglycan) - few proteins
G-: The space between plasma membrane and outer membrane (includes pepticoglycan) - many enzymes

Question 25

Exoenzyme

Answer 25

Enzyme that is secreted by a cell and functions outside of that cell

Question 26

Teichoic acid

Answer 26

- Polymers of glycerol or ribitol joined by phosphate groups, which is negatively charged - Only binds on pepticoglycan or cell membrane of G+

Question 27

Braun’s lipoprotein

Answer 27

Protein that exists in G- to connect outer membrane to pepticoglycan

Question 28

Hypotonic

Answer 28

低張的

Question 29

Hypertonic

Answer 29

高張的

Question 30

Plasmolysis

Answer 30

質壁分離

Question 31

Lysis

Answer 31

Breaking down of cell membrane

Question 32

Isotonic

Answer 32

等張的

Question 33

Protoplasts

Answer 33

(G-): bacterial cells lacking cell wallswith an outer membrane and a plasma membrane

Question 34

Protoplasts

Answer 34

(G+): bacterial cells without an outer membrane

Question 35

Bacterium which do not have peptidoglycan in cell walls

Answer 35

Chlamydiae (披衣菌門) and Planctomycetes (浮黴菌門)

Question 36

Bacterium which never produce a cell wall

Answer 36

Mycoplasma (黴漿菌)

Question 37

Glycocalyx

Answer 37

- A layer consisting of a network of polysaccharides extending from the surface of the cell - The term can encompass both capsules and slime layers

Question 38

Desiccation

Answer 38

n. 乾燥

Question 39

chlorophyll

Answer 39

葉綠素

Question 40

thylakoids

Answer 40

類囊體；藍綠菌

Question 41

Anaerobic

Answer 41

厭氧的

Question 42

Anammoxosome

Answer 42

厭氧氨氣化體

Question 43

Intermediate filaments

Answer 43

中間絲

Question 44

Microtubules

Answer 44

微管

Question 45

Actin filaments

Answer 45

微絲

Question 46

Buoyancy

Answer 46

浮力

Question 47

Optimum

Answer 47

最佳的

Question 48

Svedburg unit

Answer 48

沉降係數（與質量、形狀有關）

Question 49

Nucleoid

Answer 49

擬核

Question 50

Pili/ Fimbriae

Answer 50

纖毛