microbiology

Question 1

what type of bacteria has a more complex cell wall

Answer 1

gram negative

Question 2

does a gram positive cell have an outer lipopolysaccharide wall layer

Answer 2

no

Question 3

does a gram negative have an outer lipopolysaccharide wall layer

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

what does gram positive retain in stain

Answer 4

retain crystal violet/iodine

Question 5

what does gram negative retain in stain

Answer 5

retain salfranin

Question 6

heamolysis test is for

Answer 6

streptococcus

Question 7

coagulase test is for

Answer 7

staphylococcus

Question 8

alpha heamolytic

Answer 8

partial heamolysis on blood agar - green

Question 9

what are strep viridans and strep pneumoniae

Answer 9

alpha haemolytic

Question 10

beta haemolytic

Answer 10

complete haemolysis

Question 11

what is strep pyogenes

Answer 11

beta heamolytis

Question 12

gamma haemolytic

Answer 12

no reaction

Question 13

what is enterobcoccus

Answer 13

gamma haemolytic

Question 14

what does hemolysis test

Answer 14

the bacterias ability to lyse red blood cells

Question 15

coagulase of staph aureus

Answer 15

positive

Question 16

transformation gene transfer

Answer 16

DNA from dead bacteria taken up by living bacteria through which plasmid DNA can be transferred

Question 17

conjugation gene transfer

Answer 17

sex pilus (fimbrae) produced by one bacteria through which plasmid DNA can be transferred

Question 18

Transduction gene transfer

Answer 18

viruses infecting bacteria can transfer bits of DNA from one bacterium to another

Question 19

staphylococcus, streptococcus, enterococcus

Answer 19

gram positive cocci

Question 20

what is clostridium

Answer 20

gram positive rod

Question 21

what is listeria

Answer 21

gram positive rod

Question 22

what is bacillus

Answer 22

gram positive rod

Question 23

what is neiserria

Answer 23

gram negative cocci

Question 24

what is pseudunomas

Answer 24

gram negative rod

Question 25

what is salmonella

Answer 25

gram negative rod

Question 26

what is shigella

Answer 26

gram negative rod

Question 27

what is klebsiella

Answer 27

gram negative rod

Question 28

what is bacteroids

Answer 28

gram negative rod

Question 29

what is escherichia

Answer 29

gram negative rod

Question 30

what is hemophilus

Answer 30

gram negative rod

Question 31

what is campylobacter

Answer 31

gram negative rod

Question 32

what is helicobacter

Answer 32

gram negative rod

Question 33

what is legionella

Answer 33

gram negative rod

Question 34

what is a spirochete

Answer 34

long helically coiled cells

Question 35

examples of spirochetes

Answer 35

lyme disease, syphilis, treponema, leptospira

Question 36

pathogen

Answer 36

harmful organism

Question 37

commensal

Answer 37

organism that is part of normal flora

Question 38

what is opportunistic pathogen

Answer 38

probably only cause infection in immunocompromised individuals

Question 39

what is a contaminant

Answer 39

an organism that has got into culture by accident

Question 40

what is pathogenicity

Answer 40

the ability of a microorganism to produce disease

Question 41

what is virulence

Answer 41

degree of pathogenecity of an organism

Question 42

what are good antibiotics

Answer 42

selectively toxic

Question 43

what do antibiotics effect

Answer 43

all parts of the body including the normal bacteria flora

Question 44

bactericidal

Answer 44

kill bacteria

Question 45

bacteristatic

Answer 45

inhibit bacterial growth

Question 46

when given orally how long does it take for antibiotics to reach peak serum levels

Answer 46

1 hour

Question 47

when given IV how long does it take for antibiotics to reach peak serum levels

Answer 47

15 minutes

Question 48

what antibiotics attack protein synthesis

Answer 48

tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, lincosamides, macrolides

Question 49

what are doxycylcine and tetracyline

Answer 49

tetracylines

Question 50

what do tetracyclines target

Answer 50

gram + /-

Question 51

what is steptomicin and gentamicin

Answer 51

amino glycosides

Question 52

what do aminoglycosides target

Answer 52

gram -

Question 53

what are clindamycin and lincomycin

Answer 53

lincosamides

Question 54

what do lindosamides target

Answer 54

gram +

Question 55

what is erythromycin and azithromycin

Answer 55

macrolides

Question 56

what do macrolides target

Answer 56

gram -

Question 57

what antibiotics target cell wall

Answer 57

cephalosporins, penicillin, carbapenems, glycopeptides

Question 58

what are ceftriaxone and cefepime

Answer 58

cephalosporins

Question 59

what do cephalosporins target

Answer 59

gram +/-

Question 60

what are ampicillin, amoxicillin, coamoxiclav, flucloxacillin, penicillin

Answer 60

penicillins

Question 61

what do penicillins target

Answer 61

+/-

Question 62

what are meropenm and ertampenem

Answer 62

carbenems

Question 63

what are teicoplanin and vacomycin

Answer 63

glycopeptides

Question 64

what do glycopeptides target

Answer 64

gram +

Question 65

what do carbapenems target

Answer 65

-/+

Question 66

what do fluoroquinolones target

Answer 66

DNA

Question 67

what are ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin

Answer 67

flouroquinolones

Question 68

what do fluoroquinolines target

Answer 68

+/-

Question 69

4 C antibiotics

Answer 69

cephalosporins, co amoxiclav, clindamycin, ciproflocaxin

Question 70

what to avoid in pregnancy

Answer 70

metronidazole, chlorampehenicol, aminoglycosides, tetracylcines

Question 71

what enzymes destroy antibiotics

Answer 71

betalactamase, extended spectrum lactamase, carbapenase

Question 72

what do beta lactamase have

Answer 72

resistance to early penicillins

Question 73

what do extended spectrum beta lactamase have

Answer 73

resistance to all penicillins and cephalosporins

Question 74

what does carbenamse have

Answer 74

resistance to all penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenems