Microbiology Flashcards
(31 cards)
What condition is a fetus at risk of if its mother is infected by Parvovirus B19?
Hydrops Fetalis
A 46-year-old man with poor adherence to his HIV medication presents to his GP with neck stiffness, fever and photophobia. The GP arranges for an ambulance.
In the emergency department, an LP is performed.
India ink staining of CSF shows the following. The report reads: “CSF sample positive for yeast cells with a gelatinous capsule. Positive halo sign.”
Cryptococcus neoformans
Aminoglycosides act on which part of the bacterial ribosome?
30S Subunit
There are 5 main groups of antimicrobial agents that work by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.
TAMCO:
Tetracyclines (e.g. Doxycycline)
Aminoglycosides (e.g. Gentamicin)
Macrolides (e.g. Erythromycin)
Chloramphenicol
Oxazilidinediones
Of the antimicrobials affecting bacterial protein synthesis which ones affect which subunits of bacterial ribosomes
Aminoglycosides and Tetracyclines work by binding to the 30S subunit of ribosomes.
Macrolides and Chloramphenicol work by binding to the 50S subunit of ribosomes.
Oxazilidinediones works by binding to the 23S component of the 50S subunit of ribosomes.
In what cell in the human body do Leishmania parasites multiply?
Macrophages
What is the recommended antibiotic prophylaxis for bites by either cat, dog or human in a patient with no known allergies?
Co-amoxiclav
A 26 year old IV drug user is diagnosed with infective endocarditis. He described a short history, with symptoms appearing over a period of three weeks, culminating in admission to the hyperacute stroke unit following a CVA.
A transthoracic echocardiogram reveals a vegetation on the mitral valve.
What organism is most likely responsible?
Staphylococcus aureus
A 46-year-old man with poor adherence to his HIV medication presents to his GP with neck stiffness, fever and photophobia. The GP arranges for an ambulance.
In the emergency department, an LP is performed.
India ink staining of CSF shows the following:
The report reads: “CSF sample positive for yeast cells with a gelatinous capsule. Positive halo sign.”
What is the causative organism?
Cryptococcus
What is the recommended antibiotic prophylaxis for bites by either cat, dog or human in a patient with no known allergies?
Co-amoxiclav
A patient is suspected to have a community acquired pneumonia. Their CRB 65 is 3 and they have no known allergies.
In addition to clarithromycin, what is the other first line antibiotic that should be prescribed for this patient?
Co-amoxiclav
What class of antibiotics does azithromycin belong to?
Macrolides
To which class of antibiotics does meropenem belong?
Carbapenem
Side effects of rifampicin
Hepatotoxicity (deranged LFTs), Drug interactions (induces cytochrome P450), Orange secretions
Side effects of isoniazid
Hepatotoxicity, Peripheral neuropathy
Pyrazinamide
Hepatotoxicity, Hyperuricaemi
Side effects of ethambutol
Optic neuritis
Side effects of ethambutol
Optic neuritis
A heavily pregnant (34+3) lady is newly diagnosed with HIV. Her viral load is 2,000 copies per mL of blood.
What medication should be given intrapartum to reduce the likelihood that her child will be infected by HIV?
Zidovudine
Cancer of what organ is commonly associated with schistosomiasis infection?
Bladder cancer
Cancer of what organ is commonly associated with schistosomiasis infection?
Bladder cancer
Name the main pathogens in each lancefield group
Group A - Streptococcus pyogenes (skin infections, nec fasc)
Group B - Streptococcus agalactiae (neonatal infection)
Group D - Enterococci
How does the blood agar look if beta haemolytic strep is incubated on it
the agar goes clear [full haemolysis]
How does the blood agar look if alpha haemolytic strep is incubated on it
will turn green [partial haemolysis]
