Microbiology 🦠

Question 1

Definition of Infection Control

Answer 1

• Infection control refers to policies and procedures used to minimize the risk of spreading infections, especially in hospitals and health care facilities

Question 2

How are Healthcare-associated pathogens most often transmitted?

Answer 2

by hands of HCW

Question 3

what is the single most important measure for preventing the spread of microorganisms?

Answer 3

Hand Hygiene

Question 4

Definition of Hand hygiene

Answer 4

• A general term that applies to either hand washing, antiseptic hand wash, antiseptic hand rub, or surgical hand antisepsis.

Question 5

Five key moments for hand hygiene

Answer 5

1. Before touching a patient.
2. Before clean/aseptic procedure.
3. After body fluid exposure risk.
4. After touching a patient.
5. After touching patient surroundings.

Question 6

what is Personal protective equipment (PPE)?

Answer 6

• Specialized clothing or equipment, worn by healthcare personnel for protection against infectious materials

Question 7

Examples of Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Answer 7

• Gloves
• Gowns/aprons
• Masks and respirators
• Goggles
• Face shields

Question 8

what are Resident microorganisms attached to?

Answer 8

• attached to deeper layers of the skin

Question 9

Examples of Resident microorganisms

Answer 9

• Staphylococcus epidermidis

Question 10

Characters of Resident microorganisms

Answer 10

• More resistant to removal
• less likely to be associated with HAIs

Question 11

what are Transient microorganisms attached to?

Answer 11

• colonize the superficial layers of skin
• acquired by direct contact with patients or
  contaminated environment surfaces

Question 12

Examples of Transient microorganisms

Answer 12

• E. coli and Klebsiella spp.

Question 13

Characters of Transient microorganisms

Answer 13

• Easy to removal
• frequently associated with HAIs

Question 14

Types of Hand hygiene

Answer 14

• Routine hand washing
• Hand antisepsis
• Alcohol based hand rub
• Surgical hand scrub

Question 15

Characters of Routine hand washing

Answer 15

• Is the mechanical removal of soil and transient bacteria
• Using plain soap and water
• Duration: for 40-60 seconds

Question 16

Characters of Hand antisepsis

Answer 16

• Is the removal & destruction of transient and reduction of resident flora
• using anti-microbial soap or antiseptic solution.
• Duration: for 2-3 minutes

Question 17

Characters of Alcohol based hand rub

Answer 17

• Done if the hands are visibly clean
• Using 60-80% ethyle or isopropyle alcohol
• Duration: for 20-30 seconds

Question 18

Characters of Surgical hand scrub

Answer 18

• Done before surgical operations
• Using antiseptic solution with effective rubbing
• Duration: for 3-5 minutes
• Up to 5 cm above the elbow

Question 19

Steps of Routine hand washing

Answer 19

• Wet hands with water, apply plain soap, rub hands together for at least 15 seconds
• Rinse and dry with disposable towel
• Use towel to turn off faucet

Question 20

Tips for Fingernails in hand hygiene

Answer 20

• Should be short, clean, and free from nail varnish as it harbour micro organisms that are not easily removed during hand hygiene.

Question 21

tips for jewelery in hand hygiene

Answer 21

For proper hand hygiene, Remove hand ring and watch

Question 22

How to Don a Mask?

Answer 22

• Place over nose, mouth and chin
• Fit flexible nose piece over nose bridge
• Secure on head with ties or elastic
• Adjust to fit

Question 23

Removing a Mask

Answer 23

• Untie the bottom, then top, tie
• Remove from face
• Discard

Question 24

How to Don Eye and Face Protection?

Answer 24

• Position goggles over eyes and secure to the head using the ear pieces or headband
• Position face shield over face and secure on brow with headband
• Adjust to fit comfortably

Question 25

How to Don a Gown?

Answer 25

- The opening of the gown should be in the back - secure the gown at the neck and waist - If the gown is too small to fully cover your torso, use two gowns - Put on the first gown with the opening in front and the second gown over the first with the opening in the back

Question 26

How to Remove Gown?

Answer 26

- Unfasten ties - Peel gown away from neck and shoulder - Turn contaminated outside toward the inside - Fold or roll into a bundle

Question 27

How to Don Gloves?

Answer 27

- Dongloveslast - Select correct type and size - Insert hands into gloves - Extend gloves over isolation gown cuffs

Question 28

How to Remove Gloves?

Answer 28

- Grasp outside edge near wrist - Peel away from hand, turning glove inside-out - Hold in opposite gloved hand Slide ungloved finger under the wrist of the remaining glove - Peel off from inside, creating a bag for both gloves - Discard

Question 29

Incidence of needle stick injuries

Answer 29

- 800,000 needle stick injuries occur each year in the U.S.

Question 30

what causes **Exposure to pathogens in hospitals**?

Answer 30

- Needle sticks (most common) - 800,000 needle stick injuries occur each year in the U.S. - Cuts from other contaminated sharps (scalpels, broken glass, etc.) - Contaminated blood contact with the eyes, mucous membranes of the mouth or nose, or broken (cut or abraded) skin

Question 31

Handling of sharps

Answer 31

- Immediately or as soon as possible after use, contaminated sharps shall be placed in puncture-resistant, leak proof and labeled or color-coded containers until properly reprocessed.

Question 32

Characters of sharps box

Answer 32

- Must belocated as close as is feasible to where sharps are used. - Labeled or color-coded. - Leakproof. - Puncture resistant. - Must not be overfilled, 3⁄4 of its volume. - Able to be closed well before disposal. Made of environment friendly material - should be disposed according to Infectious Waste Control Act requirement