Microbiology Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is bio processing `
Using living organisms to make useful things
What is a bioreactor
Vessel where bio processing occurs
What are pathogens
Organisms that can cause disease
What are antibiotics
Are chemicals produced by microorganisms that stop the growth of or kill other microorganisms without damaging human tissue.
What happens when someone overuses antibiotics
Results in the increased growth of antibiotic resistant bacteria.
What happens when there is a failure to complete a course of antibiotics
Allows the bacteria to survive and regrow
What are multi resistant bacteria
They have evolved so that they are not affected by most antibiotics
What is the difference between parasitic and saprophytic
Parasitic- absorbing food from live hosts eg athletes foot
Saprophytic- absorbing food from dead organic matter eg mushrooms, decomposes in soil
Define continuous flow culture
Nutrients constantly added to bioreactor, some micro organisms and product constantly removed
What are the factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis
Light intensity- as light intensity increases photosynthesis increases
Carbon dioxide concentration- as co2 increases photosynthesis increases
Name the 5 kingdoms of microbiology and an example of each
Monera- bacteria
Protista- amoeba
Fungi- mushrooms, rhizopus
Plants- grass, ferns
Animals- mammals, birds, fish
What are procaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Procaryotic cells- cells that do not have a membrane enclosed nucleus or membrane enclosed organelle.
Eukaryotic cells- have a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelle,
What is a plasmid
Circular piece of dna containing few genes fr drug resistance
What is bacterial reproduction
Binary fission
Name of reproduction
Asexual
Define diploid and haploid
Diploid- 2 sets of chromosomes (2n)
Haploid- 1 set of chromosomes ((n)
What is the difference between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction
Asexual-1 parent- genetically identical
Sexual reproduction- 2 parents- male gamete + female gamete + zygote cells
Explain endospores survival
After chromosomes replicate new strand enclosed by a tough wall, endospores remain dormant until conditions are suitable, the endospores absorb water+ tough wall breaks down, then reproduce by binary fission.
Describe bacterial reproduction
Reproduce asexually their offspring are genetically identical. Bacteria reproduce once every 20 minutes, new mutations can spread very quickly
