MICROBIOLOGY

Question 1

Bacterias that doesn’t color on Gram Stain:

Answer 1

“These Little Microbes May Unfortunately Lack Real Color But Are Everywhere”

Treponema, Leptospira
Mycobacteria
Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma
Legionella, Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Bartonella, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia

Question 2

Bacterias that color with Giemsa Stain:

Answer 2

“Rick got Chlamydia trying pleased bored hot Geisha”

Rickettsia
Chlamysia
Trypanosomes
Plasmodium
Borrelia
Helicobacter Pylori

Question 3

Quais são os principais sorotipos patogênicos de E. coli e as doenças associadas?

Answer 3

ETEC – Diarreia do viajante
EPEC – Diarreia infantil
EHEC – Colite hemorrágica, SHU (O157:H7)
EAEC – Diarreia persistente
EIEC – Disenteria semelhante a Shigella
UPEC – Infecção urinária
NMEC – Meningite neonatal

Question 4

Quais são as principais toxinas produzidas por E. coli?

Answer 4

Toxina termolábil (LT) – Aumenta AMPc (ETEC)
Toxina termoestável (ST) – Aumenta GMPc (ETEC)
Toxina Shiga-like (Stx1/Stx2) – Inibe ribossomo 60S (EHEC)
EAST-1 – Toxina termoestável de EAEC
Hemolisina (HlyA) – Lise celular (UPEC)

Question 5

Qual sorotipo de E. coli está associado à Síndrome Hemolítico-Urêmica (SHU)?

Answer 5

EHEC O157:H7
Produz toxina Shiga-like, que inibe a síntese proteica (ribossomo 60S).
NÃO tratar com antibióticos → pode piorar a liberação da toxina.

Question 6

Qual o meio de cultura usado para diferenciar EHEC de outras E. coli?

Answer 6

Agar MacConkey com Sorbitol (SMAC)
EHEC O157:H7 NÃO fermenta sorbitol → Colônias incolores
Outras E. coli fermentam → Colônias rosa

Question 7

Quais as características microbiológicas de E. coli?

Answer 7

Bacilo Gram-negativo
Fermenta lactose (diferencia de Salmonella/Shigella)
Oxidase negativa (diferencia de Pseudomonas)
Reduz nitrato a nitrito (teste urinário positivo em ITU)

Question 8

Qual a cápsula associada à meningite neonatal causada por E. coli?

Answer 8

Cápsula K1
Protege contra fagocitose e complemento

Question 9

Qual o mecanismo da toxina Shiga-like da EHEC?

Answer 9

Inibe a subunidade 60S do ribossomo
Bloqueia a síntese proteica → Morte celular
Causa dano endotelial → SHU (anemia hemolítica, trombocitopenia, insuficiência renal)

Question 10

Bacterias beta-henolíticas:

Answer 10

• Strepto agalaticae (coco gram +, catalase -, bacitracin insensivel)
• Strepto pyogens (coco gram +, catalase -, bacitracin sensivel)
• Pseudomonas (bacilo gram -, nao fermeta lactose, oxidase +)
• Staphylo aureus (cluster gram + catalase + coagulase +)

Question 11

Lowenstein-Jensen Agar is a special media for:

Answer 11

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (several weeks to grow)

Question 12

Eaton’s Agar is a special media for:

Answer 12

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 13

MacConkey’s Agar is a special media for:

Answer 13

Gram negatives
Differentiate Lactose fermenting
+ Pink
- Colorless

Question 14

Eosin-Methylene Blue Agar is a special media for:

Answer 14

Gram negatives
Differentiate Lactose fermenting:
+ Green metallic sheen or Blue-black to brown
- Colorless

Question 15

Sorbital MacConkey Agar is a special media for:

Answer 15

E. coli O157:H7 (colorless)
Other E.coli (pink)

Question 16

Buffered Charcoal Yeast Etract Agar is special media for:

Answer 16

Legionella

Question 17

Sabouraud’s Agar is a special media for:

Answer 17

Fungi

Question 18

Thayner-Martin Media is selective for:

Answer 18

Nisseria

Question 19

Bordet-Gengou Agar is a special media for:

Answer 19

Bordetella pertussis

Question 20

Loeffler’s Media is selective for:

Answer 20

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Question 21

Blood Agar is used for:

Answer 21

Differentiate hemolytic bacterias

Question 22

Chocolate Agar is special for:

Answer 22

H. Influenzae