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UWorld Journal > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Organism that ferment lactose on Maconkey Agar appear what color

A

Pink

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2
Q

Organism that ferment lactose appear what color on EMB

A

Black

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3
Q

Enrichment Medium ?

A

A medium that contains special growth factors like H Flu and Clostridium

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4
Q

Common presentation of CMV in HIV patients is what two things

A

Retinitis and linear esophageal ulcers

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5
Q

Pneumonitis is seen in individuals after an organ transplantation in the case of what virus

A

CMV

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6
Q

Disseminated CMV can cause diarrhea in what situation

A

When co infected with hepatitis

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7
Q

Why does infection with N. Gonorrhea not result in long lasting immunity

A

Because the surface proteins are constantly going under variations and modify the outer membrane proteins.

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8
Q

Neisseria can cause an inability to form membrane attack complexes why?

A

Because multiple infections with this can cause terminal depletion in complement

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9
Q

Two examples of a differential medium

A

MaConkey and Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB)

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10
Q

Burn victims get bacterial infections from what bacteria

A

Pseudommonas

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11
Q

what are the two cephalosporins that treat Pseudomonas

A

Cefepime (4th) and Ceftazidime (3rd)

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12
Q

ahminoglycosides that treat pseudomonas

A

tobramycin, gentamicin, amikacin

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13
Q

carbapenems that treat pseudommonas

A

imipenum and meropenem

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14
Q

what drug is affective against lyme disease

A

Doxycycline

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15
Q

what is the one fluoroquinolone that is not affective against pseudommonas

A

moxifloxacin

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16
Q

drug of choice for:

  • P. Jirovcii
  • Nocardia
  • Toxoplasma
A

TMP-SMX

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17
Q

strongyloidiasis is common in what region

A

South Asia

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18
Q

treatment for strongyloidiasis

A

Ivermectin

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19
Q

what is a good way to detect strongyloides

A

rhabiditifrom larva in the stool

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20
Q

how to diagnose Shistosomiasis

A

eggs in the stool

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21
Q

what is the name of the parasite that causes itchy anus (pinworms)

A

Enterobius Vermicularis

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22
Q

how to detect Giardia lamblia

A

trophozoites and cysts in the stool

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23
Q

three intestinal tapeworms are?

A

Taenia Solium, T Saginata and Diphyllobothrium

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24
Q

what bacteria is capable of surviving past the boring point of 100 and is found in soil

A

BAscillus Anthraticus

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25
Q

how do Bacillus Anthrax and Clostriudm survive boiling temperatures?

A

by forming spores

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26
Q

how to kill spore forming bacteria?

A

autoclave

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27
Q

N meningitides enters the blood stream and colonizes where before entering the meninges

A

choroid plexus

28
Q

what condition causes bilateral adrenal hemorrhage, adrenal insufficiency, brisk hypotension and death? what is the over all cause of this condition

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen Sundrome. Meningococcemia

29
Q

what spreads like this:

pharynx - lymphatics - meninges

A

H. INfluenza

30
Q

what spreads like this

- middle ear-contagious tissue- meninges

A

S. Pneumo

31
Q

what spreads like this:

traumatic wound-leaking CSF-meninges

A

A. Areus

32
Q

what spreads like this:

pull. lung focus-blood-meninges

A

M. TB and S. Pneumo

33
Q

M TB commonly affects which meninges

A

basal meninges

34
Q

what is characterized by monocytes and lymphocytes in the CSF and lung focus

A

M. TB

35
Q

what blocks the CHT transporter that brings Choline into the Neuron

A

Hemicholinium

36
Q

What stops Choline from becoming Acetylcholine (ChAT)

A

Bromoacetylcholine

37
Q

what prevents acetylcholine from being packaged into vesicles

A

Vesamicol

38
Q

what poisons are competitive antagonist to muscarine ACH receptors

A

Atropine and Scopolamine

39
Q

what will show many neutrophils but no bacteria and the patient will have hyponatremia and watery diarrhea

A

Legionella

40
Q

What is known as a high fever in smokers accompanied by diarrhea, confusion and cough

A

Legionnaires Disease

41
Q

what is a common way to diagnose Legionella

A

Legionella antigen in the urine

42
Q

what is the respiratory fluoroquinolone and macrolide that treats Legionella

A
  • levofloxacin

- azythromycin

43
Q

blood concentration of LOS (lipoligosaccharides) is seen in patients who have fever and dizzines, what is the organism

A

N. Meningitis

44
Q

LOS (LPS) of N. meningitis acts as a what and is responsible for the toxic effects of this bacteria

A

Endotoxin

45
Q

LOS interacts with Toll like receptor 4 and produces what four things that lead to sepsis in N. meningitis patients

A
  • TNF-a
  • IL-8
  • IL-6
  • IL-1B
46
Q

the petechia seen in meningococcemia is due to what?

A

LOS

47
Q

which group of people can likely get a secondary bacterial pneumonia after having influenza A (S. Aureus)

A

old people

48
Q

order of the pathogens most responsible for secondary bacterial pneumonia after the flu

A

S. Pneumo
S. Aureus
H. Influ

49
Q

anogenital squamous cell carcinomas have been linked to what infection

A

HPV

50
Q

what is known to cause encephalitis that will present with ring enhancing lesions in the frontal lobes of the brain, fever, headache

A

Toxoplasma Ghondii

51
Q

what is the treatment for T. Ghondii

A

Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine

52
Q

what you replace Sulfadiazine with in patients with T. Ghondii and a sulfa allergy

A

Clindamycin

53
Q

treatment for Cryptococcal Meningitis

A

Amphotericin B (Flucytosine)

54
Q

listeria is treated with

A

Ampicillin

55
Q

Ganciclovir treats what virus

A

CMV

56
Q

what is the second most common cause of ring enhancing lesions in the brain after T. Ghondii in AIDS patietns

A

Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (large cell Non Hodgkin Lymphoma)

57
Q

normal CD4 count for adults?

A

400-1400

58
Q

what is the most common cause for community acquired pneumonia in an immunocompromised individual

A

S. Penumo

59
Q

school aged children with atypical pneumonia is usually due to

A

Mycoplasma Pneumonia

60
Q

thin, off white vaginal discharge with a FISHY odor and no inflammation?

A

Gardnerella Vaginalis

61
Q

think, yello-green discharge and frothy discharge, malodorous and vaginal inflmmation

A

Trichomonas Vaginalis

62
Q

thick COTTAGE CHEESE discharge with vaginal inflammation

A

Candida

63
Q

clue cells and a positive whiff test is indicative of what

A

Gardnerella

64
Q

treatment for Gardnerella

A

metronidazole or clindamycin

65
Q

treatment for Trichomonas?

A

metronidazole. TREAT PARTNER

66
Q

treatment for Candida Vaginalis

A

Fluconazole

67
Q

Anaerobic gram negative rod that causes bacterial vaginosis?

A

Gardnerella

UWorld Journal (3 decks)

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