Microbiology

Question 1

Organism that ferment lactose on Maconkey Agar appear what color

Answer 1

Pink

Question 2

Organism that ferment lactose appear what color on EMB

Answer 2

Black

Question 3

Enrichment Medium ?

Answer 3

A medium that contains special growth factors like H Flu and Clostridium

Question 4

Common presentation of CMV in HIV patients is what two things

Answer 4

Retinitis and linear esophageal ulcers

Question 5

Pneumonitis is seen in individuals after an organ transplantation in the case of what virus

Answer 5

CMV

Question 6

Disseminated CMV can cause diarrhea in what situation

Answer 6

When co infected with hepatitis

Question 7

Why does infection with N. Gonorrhea not result in long lasting immunity

Answer 7

Because the surface proteins are constantly going under variations and modify the outer membrane proteins.

Question 8

Neisseria can cause an inability to form membrane attack complexes why?

Answer 8

Because multiple infections with this can cause terminal depletion in complement

Question 9

Two examples of a differential medium

Answer 9

MaConkey and Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB)

Question 10

Burn victims get bacterial infections from what bacteria

Answer 10

Pseudommonas

Question 11

what are the two cephalosporins that treat Pseudomonas

Answer 11

Cefepime (4th) and Ceftazidime (3rd)

Question 12

ahminoglycosides that treat pseudomonas

Answer 12

tobramycin, gentamicin, amikacin

Question 13

carbapenems that treat pseudommonas

Answer 13

imipenum and meropenem

Question 14

what drug is affective against lyme disease

Answer 14

Doxycycline

Question 15

what is the one fluoroquinolone that is not affective against pseudommonas

Answer 15

moxifloxacin

Question 16

drug of choice for:

• P. Jirovcii
• Nocardia
• Toxoplasma

Answer 16

TMP-SMX

Question 17

strongyloidiasis is common in what region

Answer 17

South Asia

Question 18

treatment for strongyloidiasis

Answer 18

Ivermectin

Question 19

what is a good way to detect strongyloides

Answer 19

rhabiditifrom larva in the stool

Question 20

how to diagnose Shistosomiasis

Answer 20

eggs in the stool

Question 21

what is the name of the parasite that causes itchy anus (pinworms)

Answer 21

Enterobius Vermicularis

Question 22

how to detect Giardia lamblia

Answer 22

trophozoites and cysts in the stool

Question 23

three intestinal tapeworms are?

Answer 23

Taenia Solium, T Saginata and Diphyllobothrium

Question 24

what bacteria is capable of surviving past the boring point of 100 and is found in soil

Answer 24

BAscillus Anthraticus

Question 25

how do Bacillus Anthrax and Clostriudm survive boiling temperatures?

Answer 25

by forming spores

Question 26

how to kill spore forming bacteria?

Answer 26

autoclave

Question 27

N meningitides enters the blood stream and colonizes where before entering the meninges

Answer 27

choroid plexus

Question 28

what condition causes bilateral adrenal hemorrhage, adrenal insufficiency, brisk hypotension and death? what is the over all cause of this condition

Answer 28

Waterhouse-Friderichsen Sundrome. Meningococcemia

Question 29

what spreads like this: | pharynx - lymphatics - meninges

Answer 29

H. INfluenza

Question 30

what spreads like this | - middle ear-contagious tissue- meninges

Answer 30

S. Pneumo

Question 31

what spreads like this: | traumatic wound-leaking CSF-meninges

Answer 31

A. Areus

Question 32

what spreads like this: | pull. lung focus-blood-meninges

Answer 32

M. TB and S. Pneumo

Question 33

M TB commonly affects which meninges

Answer 33

basal meninges

Question 34

what is characterized by monocytes and lymphocytes in the CSF and lung focus

Answer 34

M. TB

Question 35

what blocks the CHT transporter that brings Choline into the Neuron

Answer 35

Hemicholinium

Question 36

What stops Choline from becoming Acetylcholine (ChAT)

Answer 36

Bromoacetylcholine

Question 37

what prevents acetylcholine from being packaged into vesicles

Answer 37

Vesamicol

Question 38

what poisons are competitive antagonist to muscarine ACH receptors

Answer 38

Atropine and Scopolamine

Question 39

what will show many neutrophils but no bacteria and the patient will have hyponatremia and watery diarrhea

Answer 39

Legionella

Question 40

What is known as a high fever in smokers accompanied by diarrhea, confusion and cough

Answer 40

Legionnaires Disease

Question 41

what is a common way to diagnose Legionella

Answer 41

Legionella antigen in the urine

Question 42

what is the respiratory fluoroquinolone and macrolide that treats Legionella

Answer 42

- levofloxacin | - azythromycin

Question 43

blood concentration of LOS (lipoligosaccharides) is seen in patients who have fever and dizzines, what is the organism

Answer 43

N. Meningitis

Question 44

LOS (LPS) of N. meningitis acts as a what and is responsible for the toxic effects of this bacteria

Answer 44

Endotoxin

Question 45

LOS interacts with Toll like receptor 4 and produces what four things that lead to sepsis in N. meningitis patients

Answer 45

- TNF-a - IL-8 - IL-6 - IL-1B

Question 46

the petechia seen in meningococcemia is due to what?

Answer 46

LOS

Question 47

which group of people can likely get a secondary bacterial pneumonia after having influenza A (S. Aureus)

Answer 47

old people

Question 48

order of the pathogens most responsible for secondary bacterial pneumonia after the flu

Answer 48

S. Pneumo S. Aureus H. Influ

Question 49

anogenital squamous cell carcinomas have been linked to what infection

Answer 49

HPV

Question 50

what is known to cause encephalitis that will present with ring enhancing lesions in the frontal lobes of the brain, fever, headache

Answer 50

Toxoplasma Ghondii

Question 51

what is the treatment for T. Ghondii

Answer 51

Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine

Question 52

what you replace Sulfadiazine with in patients with T. Ghondii and a sulfa allergy

Answer 52

Clindamycin

Question 53

treatment for Cryptococcal Meningitis

Answer 53

Amphotericin B (Flucytosine)

Question 54

listeria is treated with

Answer 54

Ampicillin

Question 55

Ganciclovir treats what virus

Answer 55

CMV

Question 56

what is the second most common cause of ring enhancing lesions in the brain after T. Ghondii in AIDS patietns

Answer 56

Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (large cell Non Hodgkin Lymphoma)

Question 57

normal CD4 count for adults?

Answer 57

400-1400

Question 58

what is the most common cause for community acquired pneumonia in an immunocompromised individual

Answer 58

S. Penumo

Question 59

school aged children with atypical pneumonia is usually due to

Answer 59

Mycoplasma Pneumonia

Question 60

thin, off white vaginal discharge with a FISHY odor and no inflammation?

Answer 60

Gardnerella Vaginalis

Question 61

think, yello-green discharge and frothy discharge, malodorous and vaginal inflmmation

Answer 61

Trichomonas Vaginalis

Question 62

thick COTTAGE CHEESE discharge with vaginal inflammation

Answer 62

Candida

Question 63

clue cells and a positive whiff test is indicative of what

Answer 63

Gardnerella

Question 64

treatment for Gardnerella

Answer 64

metronidazole or clindamycin

Question 65

treatment for Trichomonas?

Answer 65

metronidazole. TREAT PARTNER

Question 66

treatment for Candida Vaginalis

Answer 66

Fluconazole

Question 67

Anaerobic gram negative rod that causes bacterial vaginosis?

Answer 67

Gardnerella