Microbiology Flashcards
(24 cards)
Name the 3 organisms that cause bacterial conjunctivitis in neonates
Staph aureus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis
Name the 3 bacteria that can cause conjunctivitis in adults
Staph aureus, Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae
Name the 3 organisms that can cause viral conjunctivitis
Adenovirus, Herpes simplex, Herpes zoster
What viruses can cause keratitis?
Herpes (herpetic keratitis) and adenovirus
Which organisms can give you keratitis if you have contact lenses?
Acanthamoeba and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Which organisms can cause orbital cellulitis?
Staphylococci
Streptococci
Haemophilus influenzae
Anaerobes
What’s the most common cause of Endophthalmitis?
Staph. epidermidis
How do you treat Endophthalmitis?
Intravitreal amikacin and vancomycin and topical anitibiotics
What can cause chorioretinitis?
Cytomegalovirus (AIDS)
Toxoplasma gondii
Toxocara canis
How would you diagnose conjunctivitis?
Swabs for culture
How would you diagnose bacterial keratitis?
Corneal scrape
How would you diagnose endophthalmitis?
Aqueous/vitreous culture
How would you diagnose acanthamoeba?
Microscopy/culture
How would you diagnose toxoplasmosis or toxocara?
Serology
What is the most commonly used topical antibiotic in opthalmology
Chloramphenicol
What are the side effects/contraindications for chloramphenicol
Allergy
Aplastic anaemia
Grey baby syndrome
What does chloramphenicol work on?
Kills strep. and haemophilus
Stops staph. from growing
What is aciclovir and what is it used for?
It is an antiviral drug (topical or systemic) that inhibits viral DNA synthesis.
It can be used for dendritic ulcers
In which eye condition would you NOT used steroid drops?
Herpetic keratitis (causes corneal melt)
What bacteria does chloramphenicol not treat?
Psuedomonas aeruginosa
What bacteria is fusidic acid used for?
Staph. aureus
What is topical genatmicin used for?
Most gram negative bacteria incl. coliforms and pseudomonas aeruginosa
How would you treat chlamydial conjunctivitis?
Topical oxytetracycline
may need oral azithromycin if there is genital infection too
What would you use to treat bacterial keratitis?
A 4-quinolone (ofloxacin)
or gentamicina and cefuroxime
