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Microbiology Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

What viruses are in the mouth and where are they found?

A 
Hepatitis (I&II) 
Saliva and mucosa
Coxsackie 
Saliva and mucosa
Papilloma 
Mucosa
Hepatitis’s, HIV – Saliva
Cytomegalo 
Saliva
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2
Q

What fungi are found in the mouth?

A

Aspergillus spp.

Mucor spp.

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3
Q

What protozoa are found in the mouth?

A

Entamoeba gingivallis
Tricomonas tenax
Gardia lamblia

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4
Q

What yeast are found in the mouth?

A

Candida albincans

Candida tropicalis Candida glabrata

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5
Q

What microbes cause caries?

A

S. Mutans
 Actiomyces spp.
 Lactobacillus spp.

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6
Q

What microbes cause periodontal disease

A 
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Prevotella Fusobacterium Aggerogatibacterium 
Actinomycetemcomitans 
Spirocheates 
Tanerella forsythia Treponema
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7
Q

What are the gram positive bacteria found in the mouth?

A 
Cocci:
- Streptococcus
Rods:
- Actinomyces
- Lactobacillus
- Eubacterium
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8
Q

What are the gram negative bacteria found in the mouth?

A

Cocci N.V:

  •  Neisseria
  •  Veillonella Rods F.A.P.P.T:
  •  Fusobacterium
  •  Actinomyces
  •  Prevotella (Nigrescens)
  •  Porpyromonas
  •  Treponema
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9
Q

What are the streptococcus in the mouth accociated with health?

A

S. Oralis
S. Mitis
S. Sanguinis

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10
Q

What are the streptococcus in the mouth accociated with abscesses?

A

S. Intermedius

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11
Q

What are the streptococcus in the mouth accociated with caries?

A

S. Sorbinus

S. Mutans

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12
Q

What % of microbes in the mouth are culturable?

A

50%

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13
Q

Which streptococcus are early colonisers of the mouth?

A

S.Oralis & S mitis are early colonisers of the mouth

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14
Q

Describe common features of streptococcus

Caries

A

Gram positive
Rod
Alpha haemolytic  Catalase negative

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15
Q

Describe common features of actinomyces

Root surface Caries

A

Gram positive  Rods (Branched)  Opportunistic

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16
Q

Describe common features of lactobacillus

Advanced caries

A

Gram positive 

Rod

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17
Q

Describe common features of eubacterium

Found in plaque

A

Gram positive 

Rod

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18
Q

Describe common features of neisseria (Early coloniser of tooth)

A

Gram negative  Coccus

Aerobic

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19
Q

Describe common features of veillonella (utilises lactic acid in plaque)

A

Gram negative  Coccus

Anaerobic

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20
Q

Describe common features of fusobacterium (Key bridging organism between early and late colonisers)

A

Gram negative  Rod/filament  Anaerobic

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21
Q

Describe common features of treponema (periodontal disease)

A

Gram negative  Rod

Strictly anaerobic

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22
Q

What bacteria aren’t present in the mouth when teeth are removed?

Study These Flashcards
A

S. Mutans
S. sanguinis
Strict anaerobes
but with dentures these return

23
Q

What bacteria develop in the oral microflora over time?

Study These Flashcards
A 
Streptococcus salivarius
Streptococcus oralis
Streptococcus mitis (biovar 1)
24
Q

What bacteria develop following eruption?

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A 
S. Sanguinis
Prevotella spp.
Actinomyces spp. Rothia spp. 
Neisseria Fusobacterium nucleatum
Veillonella
Lactobacillus spp.
25
What is selective media?
Provides nutrients for specific species of bacteria to grow. | e.g. Vancomycin Blood agar for Gram negative bacteria
26
What is non-selective media?
Provides nutrients for as many species of bacteria to grow as possible e.g. blood agar
27
How do you differentiate between colonies?
Colonies that look the same are the same species/organism | Colonies that look different are different species
28
What are the stages of culture?
Transport to laboratory in reduced transport fluid Dispersion – sonication; vortex mixing with glass beads Serial dilution in reduced transport fluid Incubation under appropriate conditions (temperature, gas, etc) Colony counts on selective and non-selective agar plates Sub-culture and identification
29
What is the numerical change in redox potential for media?
From 100-200mV to -100mV
30
What is the numerical change in redox potential for plaque?
From 200mV to -147 mV
31
What is the numerical change in redox potential for gingival crevice?
From 73 mV to -48 mV
32
What is the pH change for exogenous nutrients such as sucrose?
Falls below 5 (goes acidic)
33
What is the pH change for endogenous nutrients such as those in GCF?
Goes from 6.9 to 7.25/7.5
34
What is the function of the antibiotic Trimethoprim?
Synthesis of essential metabolites
35
What is the function of the antibiotic Tetracycline?
Protein synthesis
36
What is the function of the antibiotic Metronidazole?
Activity against anaerobes
37
What is the function of the antibiotic Nystatin?
Membrane function
38
What is the function of the antibiotic Penicillin?
Cell wall synthesis
39
What is the function of the antibiotic Rifampin?
DNA replication
40
What are the stages of plaque formation?
``` Conditioning film Transport of molecules to tooth surface Reversible phase Irreversible phase Co-adhesion/ co aggregation Growth Detachment ```
41
What does conditioning film contain?
``` Mucins Agglutinins Immunoglobulins  PRP’s Amylase Statherin ```
42
Describe the adhesin – receptor interactions of streptococcus spp.
Streptococcus spp. binds to Antigen I/II before producing salivary agglutinin
43
Describe the adhesin – receptor interactions of streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus mutan binds to glucan- binding protein and then produces glucan
44
Describe the adhesin – receptor interactions of Actinomyces naeslundii
 Actinomyces naeslundii binds to type 1 fimbriae which produces PRP
45
What is the less cariogenic metabolic pathway for glucose?
Glucose to lactate to (veillonella)  to actetate + proponate
46
What is the metabolic pathway for N sucrose using GTF?
N sucrose to  (glucan)n + n-fructose
47
What is the metabolic pathway for N sucrose using FTF?
N sucrose to  (fructan)n | + n-glucose
48
What is the nature of the bacteria cultures at the Labial, retro molar space and the soft palate?
Mainly gram positive facultatives | E.g. Steptococcus + Antinomyces
49
What is the nature of the bacteria cultures at the Lingual?
Gram positive streptococci(40% are rods) | Gram negative anaerobes
50
What is the nature of the bacteria cultures in the plaque?
Gram positive & Gram negative Facultative + obligate anaerobes - Prevotella - Actinomyces - Veillonella - Neisseria - Streptococcus
51
What is the nature of the bacteria cultures in the fissures?
Gram positive Facultative anaerobes (S.A) - Streptococcus - Actinmyces
52
What is the nature of the bacteria cultures in the Gingival crevises?
``` Gram positive and gram negative Obligate anaerobes - Spirocheates - Streptococuus - Actinocmyes - Fusobacterium - Eubacterium - Prevotella ```
53
What is a facultative anaerobe?
An organism that can use oxygen but also has anaerobic methods of energy production.
54
What does GCF contain?
Glycoproteins  Hame Proteins

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