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IOE > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

What viruses are in the mouth and where are they found?

A 
Hepatitis (I&II) 
Saliva and mucosa
Coxsackie 
Saliva and mucosa
Papilloma 
Mucosa
Hepatitis’s, HIV – Saliva
Cytomegalo 
Saliva
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2
Q

What fungi are found in the mouth?

A

Aspergillus spp.

Mucor spp.

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3
Q

What protozoa are found in the mouth?

A

Entamoeba gingivallis
Tricomonas tenax
Gardia lamblia

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4
Q

What yeast are found in the mouth?

A

Candida albincans

Candida tropicalis Candida glabrata

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5
Q

What microbes cause caries?

A

S. Mutans
 Actiomyces spp.
 Lactobacillus spp.

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6
Q

What microbes cause periodontal disease

A 
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Prevotella Fusobacterium Aggerogatibacterium 
Actinomycetemcomitans 
Spirocheates 
Tanerella forsythia Treponema
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7
Q

What are the gram positive bacteria found in the mouth?

A 
Cocci:
- Streptococcus
Rods:
- Actinomyces
- Lactobacillus
- Eubacterium
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8
Q

What are the gram negative bacteria found in the mouth?

A

Cocci N.V:

  •  Neisseria
  •  Veillonella Rods F.A.P.P.T:
  •  Fusobacterium
  •  Actinomyces
  •  Prevotella (Nigrescens)
  •  Porpyromonas
  •  Treponema
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9
Q

What are the streptococcus in the mouth accociated with health?

A

S. Oralis
S. Mitis
S. Sanguinis

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10
Q

What are the streptococcus in the mouth accociated with abscesses?

A

S. Intermedius

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11
Q

What are the streptococcus in the mouth accociated with caries?

A

S. Sorbinus

S. Mutans

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12
Q

What % of microbes in the mouth are culturable?

A

50%

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13
Q

Which streptococcus are early colonisers of the mouth?

A

S.Oralis & S mitis are early colonisers of the mouth

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14
Q

Describe common features of streptococcus

Caries

A

Gram positive
Rod
Alpha haemolytic  Catalase negative

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15
Q

Describe common features of actinomyces

Root surface Caries

A

Gram positive  Rods (Branched)  Opportunistic

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16
Q

Describe common features of lactobacillus

Advanced caries

A

Gram positive 

Rod

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17
Q

Describe common features of eubacterium

Found in plaque

A

Gram positive 

Rod

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18
Q

Describe common features of neisseria (Early coloniser of tooth)

A

Gram negative  Coccus

Aerobic

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19
Q

Describe common features of veillonella (utilises lactic acid in plaque)

A

Gram negative  Coccus

Anaerobic

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20
Q

Describe common features of fusobacterium (Key bridging organism between early and late colonisers)

A

Gram negative  Rod/filament  Anaerobic

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21
Q

Describe common features of treponema (periodontal disease)

A

Gram negative  Rod

Strictly anaerobic

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22
Q

What bacteria aren’t present in the mouth when teeth are removed?

A

S. Mutans
S. sanguinis
Strict anaerobes
but with dentures these return

23
Q

What bacteria develop in the oral microflora over time?

A 
Streptococcus salivarius
Streptococcus oralis
Streptococcus mitis (biovar 1)
24
Q

What bacteria develop following eruption?

A 
S. Sanguinis
Prevotella spp.
Actinomyces spp. Rothia spp. 
Neisseria Fusobacterium nucleatum
Veillonella
Lactobacillus spp.
25
Q

What is selective media?

A

Provides nutrients for specific species of bacteria to grow.

e.g. Vancomycin Blood agar for Gram negative bacteria

26
Q

What is non-selective media?

A

Provides nutrients for as many species of bacteria to grow as possible e.g. blood agar

27
Q

How do you differentiate between colonies?

A

Colonies that look the same are the same species/organism

Colonies that look different are different species

28
Q

What are the stages of culture?

A

Transport to laboratory in reduced transport fluid

Dispersion – sonication; vortex mixing with glass beads

Serial dilution in reduced transport fluid

Incubation under appropriate conditions (temperature, gas, etc)

Colony counts on selective and non-selective agar plates

Sub-culture and identification

29
Q

What is the numerical change in redox potential for media?

A

From 100-200mV to -100mV

30
Q

What is the numerical change in redox potential for plaque?

A

From 200mV to -147 mV

31
Q

What is the numerical change in redox potential for gingival crevice?

A

From 73 mV to -48 mV

32
Q

What is the pH change for exogenous nutrients such as sucrose?

A

Falls below 5 (goes acidic)

33
Q

What is the pH change for endogenous nutrients such as those in GCF?

A

Goes from 6.9 to 7.25/7.5

34
Q

What is the function of the antibiotic Trimethoprim?

A

Synthesis of essential metabolites

35
Q

What is the function of the antibiotic Tetracycline?

A

Protein synthesis

36
Q

What is the function of the antibiotic Metronidazole?

A

Activity against anaerobes

37
Q

What is the function of the antibiotic Nystatin?

A

Membrane function

38
Q

What is the function of the antibiotic Penicillin?

A

Cell wall synthesis

39
Q

What is the function of the antibiotic Rifampin?

A

DNA replication

40
Q

What are the stages of plaque formation?

A 
Conditioning film
Transport of molecules to tooth surface
Reversible phase
Irreversible phase
Co-adhesion/ co aggregation
Growth
Detachment
41
Q

What does conditioning film contain?

A 
Mucins
Agglutinins
Immunoglobulins  PRP’s
Amylase 
Statherin
42
Q

Describe the adhesin – receptor interactions of streptococcus spp.

A

Streptococcus spp. binds to Antigen I/II before producing salivary agglutinin

43
Q

Describe the adhesin – receptor interactions of streptococcus mutans

A

Streptococcus mutan binds to glucan- binding protein and then produces glucan

44
Q

Describe the adhesin – receptor interactions of Actinomyces naeslundii

A

 Actinomyces naeslundii binds to type 1 fimbriae which produces PRP

45
Q

What is the less cariogenic metabolic pathway for glucose?

A

Glucose to lactate to (veillonella)  to actetate + proponate

46
Q

What is the metabolic pathway for N sucrose using GTF?

A

N sucrose to  (glucan)n + n-fructose

47
Q

What is the metabolic pathway for N sucrose using FTF?

A

N sucrose to  (fructan)n

+ n-glucose

48
Q

What is the nature of the bacteria cultures at the Labial, retro molar space and the soft palate?

A

Mainly gram positive facultatives

E.g. Steptococcus + Antinomyces

49
Q

What is the nature of the bacteria cultures at the Lingual?

A

Gram positive streptococci(40% are rods)

Gram negative anaerobes

50
Q

What is the nature of the bacteria cultures in the plaque?

A

Gram positive & Gram negative Facultative + obligate anaerobes

  • Prevotella
  • Actinomyces
  • Veillonella
  • Neisseria
  • Streptococcus
51
Q

What is the nature of the bacteria cultures in the fissures?

A

Gram positive
Facultative anaerobes (S.A)
- Streptococcus
- Actinmyces

52
Q

What is the nature of the bacteria cultures in the Gingival crevises?

A 
Gram positive and gram negative
Obligate anaerobes
- Spirocheates
- Streptococuus
- Actinocmyes
- Fusobacterium 
- Eubacterium
- Prevotella
53
Q

What is a facultative anaerobe?

A

An organism that can use oxygen but also has anaerobic methods of energy production.

54
Q

What does GCF contain?

A

Glycoproteins 
Hame
Proteins

IOE (22 decks)

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