Microbiology

Question 1

What is inflammation of the cornea called?

Answer 1

keratitis

Question 2

What is endophthalmitis?

Answer 2

inflammation of the entire globe

Question 3

What causes bacterial conjuctivitis in neonates?

Answer 3

staph. aureus; neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlaymdia trachomatis

Question 4

What causes bacterial conjunctivitis at all other ages?

Answer 4

staph aureus; strep. pneumoniae; h. influenzae

Question 5

What topical antibiotic is usually used for bacterial conjuctivitis?

Answer 5

chloramphenicol

Question 6

When should chloramphenicol not be used?

Answer 6

aplastic anaemia or allergy

Question 7

What viruses cause conjuctivitis?

Answer 7

adenovirus; herpes simplex; herpes zoster

Question 8

What type of hx is seen with clamydial conjuctivitis?

Answer 8

chronic which has been unresponsive treatenmts

Question 9

What is the typical patient of chlaymidal conjuncitivits?

Answer 9

bilateral conjuctivitis in uoing adults

Question 10

What is seen in the conjunctiva with chlamydial conjuncitivitis?

Answer 10

follicles and subtarsal scarring

Question 11

What sign is seen with bacterial keratits?

Answer 11

hypopyon-pus in the anterior chamber

Question 12

What is the teratment for bacterial keratitis?

Answer 12

need admitted for hourly drops

Question 13

What is usually seen in association with bacterial keratitis?

Answer 13

other corneal pathology or contact lens wear

Question 14

What viruses cause keratitis?

Answer 14

herpes and adenovirus

Question 15

What is seen with herpetic keratitis?

Answer 15

dendritic ulcer

Question 16

What do recurrences of herpetic keratitis cause?

Answer 16

result in reduced corneal sensation

Question 17

What happens if herpetic keratitis is treated with steroids?

Answer 17

corneal melt and perforation fo the cornea

Question 18

What is seen with adenoviral keratits?

Answer 18

subepithelial infiltrates

Question 19

What does adenoviral keratitis usuallt follw?

Answer 19

URTI

Question 20

What can be given with adenoviral keratitis?

Answer 20

topical antibiotic to prevent seoncdary infection

Question 21

What can cause fungal keratitis?

Answer 21

acanthamoeba and pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 22

What is orbital cellulitis often asociated with?

Answer 22

paranasal sinusitis

Question 23

What is seen with orbital cellulitis?

Answer 23

painful esp on eye movement; proptosis; pyrexial

Question 24

What is important to differentiate between with orbital cellulitis?

Answer 24

preseptal and orbital cellulitis

Question 25

Whyh is a CT scan done with orbital cellulitis?

Answer 25

to identify orbital abscesses

Question 26

What causes of orbital cellulitis?

Answer 26

staph, strep, coliforms. h.influenzae; anaerobes

Question 27

What is the treatment for orbital cellulitis?

Answer 27

broad spectrum antibiotics ; drain any abscesses

Question 28

What is endophthalmitis?

Answer 28

devastating infection inside the eye

Question 29

When tends to cause endophthalmitis?

Answer 29

surgery

Question 30

what are the features of endophthalmitis?

Answer 30

painful +++ with decreasing vision; very red eye

Question 31

What organsims cause endophthalmitis?

Answer 31

conjuncitival commensals- staph. epi

Question 32

What is the treatment for endophthalmitis?

Answer 32

intravitral amikacin and vanc and topical antibiotics

Question 33

What organism causes of chorioretinitis in AIDS?

Answer 33

CMV

Question 34

What can happen in immunocompromised patients with toxoplasmosis?

Answer 34

enters latent phase with cysts forming

Question 35

Which animals does toxocara affect?

Answer 35

cats and dogs- not able to replicate in humans

Question 36

How is bacterial keratitis diagnosed?

Answer 36

corneal scrape

Question 37

How is endophthalmitis diagnosed ?

Answer 37

aqueous/vitreous for culture

Question 38

How is acanthamoeba diagnosed?

Answer 38

microscopy/culture

Question 39

How are toxoplasma and toxocara diagnosed?

Answer 39

serology

Question 40

What organisms is chloramphenicol bacterocidal for?

Answer 40

strep and haemophilus

Question 41

what organism is chloramphenicol bacterostatic for?

Answer 41

staph

Question 42

What is dacrocystitis?

Answer 42

infection of the lacrimal sac

Question 43

What is the common contaminant for drop bottles?

Answer 43

pseudomonas

Question 44

what is used to treat dendritic ulcers?

Answer 44

aciclovir

Question 45

How does aciclovir work?

Answer 45

inhibits viral DNA synthesis

Question 46

What is the treatment for pseudomonas conjunctivits?

Answer 46

gentamicin

Question 47

What is the treatment for chlamydial conjuncitivits?

Answer 47

topical oxytetracycline

Question 48

What is ofloxacin used against?

Answer 48

most gram -ve bacteria eg pseudomonas; h. influenzae; colifroms