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GI SOH > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

What is the commonest cause of gastroenteritis worldwide?

A

Campylobacter jejuni

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2
Q

Incubation period of campylobacter

A

16-48 hours

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3
Q

Microbiology of campylobacter

A

Gram -ve
bacillus
curved

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4
Q

Cause of campylobacter infection

A

Undercooked poultry

Unpasteurised milk

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5
Q

Clinical presentation of campylobacter

A

Diarrhoea
- +/- blood
Fever
Abdominal pain

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6
Q

Management of campylobacter

A

Self limiting

Immunocompromised - macrolides

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7
Q

Investigations of campylobacter

A

Stool culture

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8
Q

Salmonella enterica - incubation period

A

12-48 hours

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9
Q

Salmonella enterica - microbiology

A

Gram -ve bacillus

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10
Q

Salmonella enterica - cause

A

Undercooked poultry
Meat
Raw eggs
Reptiles

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11
Q

Salmonella enterica - clinical presentation

A 
Diarrhoea 
- +/- blood
Fever
Vomiting
Abdominal pain
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12
Q

Salmonella enterica - investigations

A

Stool culture

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13
Q

Salmonella enterica - management

A

Mainly self limiting

Severe - ciprofloxacin

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14
Q

Shigella - incidence

A

Outbreaks common in children

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15
Q

Shigella - incubation period

A

1-9 days

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16
Q

Shigella - microbiology

A

Gram -ve bacillus

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17
Q

Shigella - cause

A

Person-to-person spread

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18
Q

Shigella - clinical presentation

A

Diarrhoea + blood
Pus
Abdominal pain

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19
Q

Shigella - investigations

A

Stool culture

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20
Q

Shigella - management

A

Mainly self limiting

Severe - ciprofloxacin

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21
Q

E. Coli O157 - incidence

A

Children

elderly

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22
Q

E. Coli O157 - incubation period

A

1-14 days

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23
Q

E. Coli O157 - microbiology

A

Gram -ve bacillus

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24
Q

E. Coli O157 - cause

A

Petting animals at farms
Minced beef - burgers
Water
Unpasteurised milk

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25
E. Coli O157 - Clinical presentation
Diarrhoea + blood Abdominal pain Fever
26
E. COli O157 - investigations
Stool culture - if -ve despite blood in stool then test for VTEC (toxin test) Blood test - check for HUS, increased WCC, decreased Hb
27
E. Coli O157 - management
Mainly self limiting | Antibiotics are NOT advised (as this may increase toxin release, making HUS more likely)
28
O157
O antigens | Strain produces VTEC
29
E. Coli O157 - Toxins
Produces shiga like toxins (new name for VTEC)
30
E. Coli O157 - complications
HUS | - common cause of renal failure
31
Salmonella typhia/paratyphia - incidence
Travel related SE asia India
32
Salmonella typhia/paratyphia - incubation period
14-21 days
33
Salmonella typhia/paratyphia - cause
Person-to-person spread Eating contaminated food Drinking contaminated water Hand hygeine
34
Salmonella typhia/paratyphia - clinical presentation
``` Headache Fever Dry cough Rash Constipation or diarrhoea ```
35
Salmonella typhia/paratyphia - investigations
Blood culture | Stool culture
36
Salmonella typhia/paratyphia - management
Mainly self limiting | Severe - ceftriaxone
37
Salmonella typhia/paratyphia - complications
GI bleeding Perforation Encephalopathy
38
Salmonella typhia/paratyphia - vaccinations
Protect against typhoid | No protection against paratyphoid
39
Vibrio cholera - incubation period
1-9 days
40
Vibrio cholera - microbiology
gram -ve bacillus
41
Vibrio cholera - cause
Person to person spread Drinking contaminated water Outbreaks in refugee camps
42
Vibrio cholera - clinical presentation
Watery diarrhoea | Dehydration
43
Vibrio cholera - investigations
Stool culture
44
Vibrio cholera - management
Re hydration
45
Staph aureus - incubation period
1-6 hours
46
Staph aureus - cause
Eating a cream bun | Due to pre-formed toxins in food (enterotoxin)
47
Staph aureus - clinical presentation
Vomiting | Abdominal pain
48
Staph aureus - Management
Flucloxacillin
49
Bacillus cerus - incubations period
1-6 hours
50
Bacillus cerus - cause
Reheated rice | Pre-formed toxin
51
Bacillus cerus - clinical presentation
Vomiting
52
Bacillus cerus - management
Self limiting
53
Rotavirus - incidence
Young children | Outbreaks
54
Rotavirus - cause
Person to person spread | Faecal oral spread
55
Rotavirus - clinical presentation
Diarrhoea Vomiting Dehydration
56
Rotavirus - investigations
PCR stool
57
Rotavirus - management
Self limiting
58
Rotavirus - vaccination
Oral | Live attenuated
59
Norovirus - incidence
Outbreaks | Common in schools, hospitals, cruise ship
60
Norovirus - cause
Person to person spread Droplet Faecal oral route Shellfish
61
Norovirus - clinical presentation
Diarrhoea Vomiting Cramps
62
Norovirus - investigations
PCR stool
63
Norovirus - management
Self limiting
64
Amoebiasis - microbiology
Protozoal infection
65
Amoebiasis - cause
Faecal oral spread Poor sanitation Travel related
66
Amoebiasis - clinical presentation
Bloody diarrhoea Fever Abdominal pain
67
Amoebiasis - investigations
Stool microscopy AXR Endoscopy Serology
68
Amoebiasis - management
Metronidazole
69
Giradiasis - microbiology
Protozoal infection | Happy faces
70
Giardiasis - cause
Faecal oral spread Travel related Spores can exist on salad
71
Giardia - clinical presentation
``` Watery diarrhoea Bloating Flatulence Abdominal pain Weight loss ```
72
Giardia - investigations
Stool microscopy | OGD biopsy
73
Giardiasis - management
Metronidazole
74
C. diff - incidence
Common in the healthcare setting
75
C. diff - microbiology
Gram +ve bacillus | Anaerobic
76
C. diff - spores
Survive adverse conditions | Alcohol gel doesn't work
77
C. diff - cause
Antibiotics - 4 C's
78
C. diff - mechanism of action
Produces 2 toxins - toxin A (enterotoxin) - toxin B (cytotoxin)
79
C. diff - clinical presentation
Diarrhoea | Abdominal pain
80
C. diff - investigations
Stool sample - screen for GDH If GDH +ve then test for presence of toxin A or B (PCR) - screening test -ve then -ve result - screening test +ve and toxin test -ve then intermittent - screening test +ve and toxin test +ve then +ve result
81
C. diff - Management
Mild - oral metronidazole | Severe - oral vancomycin
82
C. diff - complications
Toxic megacolon Perforation Peritonitis
83
C. diff - recurrence (1st relapse)
Fidaxomicin
84
C. diff - recurrence (subsequent relapse)
Faecal transplant (through NG tube)
85
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli - cause
Most common cause of travellers diarrhoea
86
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli - clinical presentation
Diarrhoea
87
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli - management
Self limiting | Single dose of ciprofloxacin
88
Cryptosporidium - incidence
Outbreaks
89
Cryptosporidium - microbiology
Protozoal infection
90
Cryptosporidium - cause
Travel related Contact with animals Contaminated water Swimming pools
91
Cryptosporidium - clinical presentation
Diarrhoea
92
Cryptosporidium - investigations
Stool | Duodenal aspirate
93
Cryptosporidium - management
Self limiting

GI SOH (71 decks)

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