Microbiology

Question 1

Where is S.Aureus found?

Answer 1

The nose (30-50%), a primary pathogen

Question 2

What does S. Aureus case

Answer 2

BOSS EMPU

Bacteraemia
Osteomyelitis
Septicaemia
Septic Arthritis
Endocarditis
Meningitis
Pneumonia
UTIs

Question 3

Where is S. Epidermis found and what does it cause?

Answer 3

Skin, an opportunistic pathogen
Coagulase -ve staph
Foreign body infection

Question 4

What is S. Pyogenes and what does it cause?

Answer 4

GAS
Bacterial Sore Throat
Scarlet Fever, Pneumonia, Puerperal Sepsis, Nec Fasc, Glomerularnephritis

Question 5

What is S. Pneumoniae?

Answer 5

Causes: bacterial pneumonia and meningitis but not in neonates as well as OTITIS MEDIA

Question 6

S. Agalactinae?

Answer 6

GBS - commonest cause of bacterial pneumonia and sepsis in neonates

Question 7

S. Milleri Complex?

Answer 7

Pus forming strep

Abscesses - lung, brain, liver, teeth

Question 8

Viridian’s Strep?

Answer 8

Alpha haemolytic strep > URT

Sub-acute endocarditis

Question 9

Strep gallolyticus

Answer 9

Step bovis
Alpha haemolytic strep > bowel flora
Colonic malignancies

Question 10

Listeria mongocytogenes

Answer 10

Gram +ve bacillus
Rare - sepsis/meningitis in pregnancy, neonates, immunosuppressed px
Unpasteurised milk cheese

Question 11

Corynebacterium species

Answer 11

Gram +ve bacilli
Skin and URT
Devices and trauma
Diphtheria

Question 12

Propionibacterium acnes

Answer 12

Gram +ve bacilli
Acne
Device associated and post procedural infections

Question 13

Enterobacteriaceae

Answer 13

Gram -ve bacilli in bowel flora including E.coli, K. pneumonia and enterobacter cloacae

Question 14

E.coli

Answer 14

UTI
Bacteraemia
Nosocomial infection e.g. line, pneumonia, wound
Toxigenic strains eg 0157 = severe diarrhoea and haemolytic uraemia syndrome (HUS)

Question 15

Pseudomanas aeruginose

Answer 15

Multi-resistance gram -ve bacillus
opportunistic
Resp infections, UTIS, soft tissue and others
GREEN PIGMENT

Question 16

N. meningitidis

Answer 16

Gram -ve diplococcus
Meningococcal sepsis and/or meningitiss
Purpuris non-blanching rash - sepsis

Question 17

N. gonorrhoea

Answer 17

Gram -ve diplococcus
Gonorrhoea
Opthlamia neonatorum
Can cause septic arthritis

Question 18

H. influenze

Answer 18

Gram -ve bacillus
Normal resp tract flora
Rest tract infection eg pneumonie/COPD exacerbations
Capsulated types (b) > meningitis/epiglottitis - CAN BE PREVENTED WITH VACCINE

Question 19

Anaerobes

Answer 19

Clostridium

C.DIFF - antibiotic associated diarrhoea/colitis
C.perfringens - gas gangrene
C.tetani - tetanus
C. botulinum - botulism
Bacterial species, fusobacterium, prevotella
Part of polybac infections e.g. dental, lung absences, colonic absences,

Question 20

Mycobacterium

Answer 20

ACID FAST BACILLI (AFB)
Don’t stain
Tuberculosis
Others = atypical mycobacteria > rest infections in people with chronic lung disease/ opportunistic infections in immune-compromised px e.g. AIDS, transplant px etc

Question 21

What is the most common cause of RTI/

Answer 21

Mycobacterium. Pneumonia

Question 22

What causes syphilis?

Answer 22

Treponema (Spirochaetes)

Question 23

What an spirochetes cause?

Answer 23

Leptospirosis

Lyme Disease