Microbiology Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is osteomyelitis?
An inflammation of the bone and medullary cavity
Which bones does osteomyelitis tend to affect?
Long bones
What is the gold standard test in diagnosing osteomyelitis?
Bone biopsy
How does acute osteomyelitis present?
Heat Redness Swelling Pain Loss of function
When should antimicrobials be given before a culture result?
Sepsis syndrome
Soft tissue infection
When is open fracture osteomyelitis commonly seen?
Following a trauma incident (car crash)
Do patients with diabetes commonly get osteomyelitis?
Yes
Which groups of people commonly get haematogenous osteomyelitis?
Prepubertal children
PWID
Dialysis patients
Central line patients
What organisms tend to cause haematogenous osteomyelitis?
Staphylococcus
Streptococci
What is the commonest cause of haematogenous osteomyelitis in dialysis patients?
Staphylococcus aureus
What are some unusual sites of osteomyelitis?
Pubis (urogynae procedures)
Clavicle (neck surgery)
Give a patient risk group for osteomyelitis
Sickle cell anaemia
What are some clinical signs of osteomyelitis?
Fever
Insidious pain and tenderness
Raised inflammatory markers
How is vertebral osteomyelitis treated?
Drain abscesses
Antimicrobials for 6 weeks minimum
Which bacterium is a cause of Pott’s disease, a skeletal osteomyelitis?
Tuberculosis
Give some risk factors for prosthetic joint infection
Rheumatoid arthritis
Diabetes
Malnutrition
Obesity
How is prosthetic joint infection diagnosed?
Cultures
CRP
Radiology
How is coagulase negative staphylococci treated?
Vancomycin
How is prosthetic joint infection treated?
Removal of prosthesis
6 weeks of aggressive antibiotic therapy
Re-implantation of the joint
How can septic arthritis be spread?
Haematogenously
Direct invasion
From infectious focus
From osteomyelitis
What is septic arthritis?
An inflammation of the joint space caused by infection
Give some bacterial causes of septic arthritis
Staph aureus
Strep
Neisseria gonorrhoea
How is septic arthritis diagnosed?
Joint fluid for microscopy, culture and sensitivty
How is septic arthritis treated?
Presumptive treatment of flucloxacillin
Add ceftriaxone if under 5
Adjust when organisms confirmed
