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4 - Y5 a Path lectures 2021/22 > Microbiology 6s: Zoonoses > Flashcards

Microbiology 6s: Zoonoses Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a zoonosis?

A
  • Diseases that pass between people and animals
  • 70%+ of emerging human infectious diseases come from animals
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2
Q

e.g.s of new emerging IDs from zoonoses?

A
  • viral haemorrhagic fever
  • resp diseases (MERS)
  • Novel influenza viruses (pH1N1)
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3
Q

Transmission of zoonoses?

A
  • Everyday contact with animals – scratches and bites
    • Traditional pets i.e. dogs and cats
    • Less traditional pets i.e. reptiles, rodents, chickens
  • By-products (faeces/urine) – contaminated soil, litter
  • Foodstuffs – carcass processing, milk and milking, raw/undercooked meats
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4
Q

Name some zoonotic infections (UK vs tropical + farm/wild vs pets)

A

farm/wild =

  • cattle
  • poultry
  • goats
  • pigs

companion pets =

  • Cats/dogs (ticks, mice/rodents)
  • Reptiles/amphibians
  • Fish
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5
Q

Name the UK based zoonotic infections

A
  • Campylobacter
  • Salmonella
  • Cat scratch disease / Bacilliary Angiomatosis
  • Toxoplasmosis
  • Psittacosis
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6
Q

Name some tropical zoonotic infections

A
  • Brucellosis
  • Q fever
  • Rabies
  • Rat bite fever
  • Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
  • Viral haemorrhagic fever
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7
Q

Pathogen causing Campylobacter?

A

Campylobacter jejuni

  • Gram -tive
  • Curved/’comma’ bacillus (rod)
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8
Q

Pathogen causing Salmonella?

A
  • Salmonella enterica
  • Salmonella bongori
  • gram -tive
  • baccillus (rod)
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9
Q

Pathogen causing cat scratch disease?

A

Bartonella henselae (immunocompetent)

  • Gram -tive
  • Curved/’comma’ bacillus (rod)
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10
Q

Pathogen causing Bacilliary Angiomatosis?

A

Bartonella henselae (immunocompromised)

  • Gram -tive
  • Curved/’comma’ bacillus (rod)
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11
Q

Pathogen causing toxoplasmosis?

A

Toxoplasma gondii (parasite)

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12
Q

Pathogen causing Psittacosis?

A

Chlamydia psitticosis

  • RNA virus
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13
Q

Pathogen causing brucellosis?

A

B melitensis

B abortus

B suis

  • gram -tive
  • coccobacilli (small rods)
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14
Q

Pathogen causing Q fever?

A

Coxiella burnetii

  • gram -tive
  • coccobacilli (small rods)
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15
Q

Pathogen causing Rabies?

A

Rabies lyssavirus

Australian bat lyssavirus

  • RNA viruses
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16
Q

Pathogen causing Rat bite fever?

A
  • Streptobacillus moniliformis
  • Spirillum minus
  • Gram -tive
  • spiral rods
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17
Q

Pathogen causing Hantavirus Respiratory syndrome?

A

Sin nombre virus

Black canal virus

Bayou virus

  • RNA viruses
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18
Q

Pathogen causing viral haemorrhagic fever?

A

Ebola virus

Marburg virus

Lassa virus

Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV)

  • RNA viruses
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19
Q

Reservoir of campylobacter?

A

Poultry, cattle → consumption

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20
Q

Reservoir of salmonella?

A

S. enterica: chicken, eggs → consumption

S. bongori: lizards → consumption of droppings

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21
Q

Reservoir of Bartonella henselae?

A

Kittens → Cat scratches, bites, licking open wounds, fleas

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22
Q

Reservoir of Toxoplasma gondii?

A

Cats, sheep → Eating infected meat, eating cat droppings

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23
Q

Reservoir of Chlamydia psitticosis?

A

Birds e.g., parrots

→ Eating resp secretions, faeces or feather dust

→ Breathing in above (Aerosolisation)

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24
Q

Reservoir of:

Brucella melitensis

Brucella abortus

Brucella suis

A

B melitensis: goat/sheep

B abortus: cows

B suis: pigs

→ Eating unpasteurised milk/cheese, undercooked goat/beef/pork

→ Mucosal splash

→ breathing in stuff (aerosolisation)

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25
Reservoir of Coxiella burnetii?
Farm animals: goats, sheep, cows → Eating birth products, urine, faeces, & milk → **Aerosolisation** of above
26
Reservoir of: ## Footnote Rabies lyssavirus Australian bat lyssavirus
Rabies lyssavirus: dog/cat _Australian bat_ lyssavirus → **Bites, scratches** → Contact w/ infected fluid
27
Reservoir of ## Footnote Streptobacillus moniliformis Spirillum minus?
Rats → bites → Contact w/ infected urine or droppings
28
Reservoir of ## Footnote Sin nombre virus Black canal virus Bayou virus
Sin nombre virus: deer/white-footed mouse Black canal virus: cotton rat Bayou virus: rice rat → Contact w/ infected urine or droppings **→ Aerosolisation**
29
Reservoir of ## Footnote Ebola virus Marburg virus Lassa virus Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV)
Ebola & Marbug: bats Lassa: rats CCHFV: ticks → Contact w/ fluids of infected animals
30
Sx of Campylobacter?
GI: diarrhoea, bloating, cramps
31
Sx of Salmonella?
General: fever GI: diarrhoea, vomiting
32
Sx of cat scratch disease?
* General: FLAWS * Pustular macule at site * Regional adenopathy
33
Sx of **Bacilliary Angiomatosis**?
* Skin papules * Disseminated multi-organ & vasculature involvement * bursting of vessels in organs & tissues
34
Sx of toxoplasmosis?
* General: fever * Adenopathy * Progressive visual, hearing, motor, cognitive decline * Neuro: seizures, neuropathies (immunocompromised) * **STILLBIRTH**
35
Sx of psitticosis?
1-4 weeks post-exposure 1. General: fever, flu-like (myalgia, headache) 2. ~ ATYPICAL pneumonia
36
Sx of brucellosis?
* General: FLAWS * Back pain * Orchitis * Focal abscesses (psoas, liver)
37
Sx of Q fever (coxiella burnetii)?
* General: fever, flu-like (myalgia, headache) * CVS: endocarditis * Resp: pneumonia * GI: hepatitis * Focal abscesses e.g. paravertebral/ discitis
38
Sx of rabies?
* General: fever * Other: mouth foaming * Neuro: headache, seizures, agitation, confusion
39
Sx of rat bite fevere?
2-10 days post-exposure 1. Fever, polyarthralgia, maculopapular → purpuric rash 2. Endocarditis
40
Sx of Huntavirus pulmonary syndrome?
2-4 weeks post-exposure 1. Fever, myalgia, headache, SOB, N&V 2. ARDS, hypotension, shock
41
Sx of viral haemorrhagic fever?
* General: fever, flu-like (myalgia, headache) * Myalgia * Bleeding
42
Ix for campylobacter?
stool culture
43
Ix for salmonella
stool culture
44
Ix for cat scratch disease?
serology
45
Ix for **Bacilliary Angiomatosis** (Bartonella henselae)?
Histopathology Serology
46
Ix for toxoplasmosis?
Serology ## Footnote **(Sabin Feldman Dye)**
47
Ix for psittacosis?
Serology **PCR**
48
Ix for brucellosis?
**Blood/pus culture (_Castaneda_ medium)** Serology
49
Ix for Q fever (coxiella)?
serology
50
Ix for rabies?
Serology **Brain biopsy**
51
Ix for rat bite fever?
**Joint fluid MC&S** **Blood culture**
52
Ix for Huntavirus pulmonary syndrome?
Serology ## Footnote **PCR**
53
Ix for viral haemorrhagic fever?
Serology ## Footnote **PCR**
54
Mx campylobacter
supportive
55
Mx salmonella
Supportive Ciproflaxin/azithromycin
56
Mx cat scratch disease
Erythromycin /doxycycline
57
Mx **Bacilliary Angiomatosis?**
Erythromycin + Rifampicin
58
Mx toxoplasmosis?
Mother +tive, **baby -tive = Spiramycin** Mother +tive, **baby +ive = Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine (until 1yo)**
59
Mx psitticosis?
**Doxycycline**
60
Mx brucellosis?
**Doxycycline** AND ## Footnote **Gentamycin // Rifampicin**
61
Mx Q fever?
**Doxycycline** **+ ~ Hydroxyquinolone**
62
Mx rabies?
**Ig** **Rabies vaccine**
63
Mx rat bite fever?
**Penicillin**
64
Mx Huntavirus resp syndrome?
supportive
65
Mx **Viral haemmorhagic fever?**
supportive
66
DDx GI: diarrhoea, bloating, cramps?
campylobacter
67
DDx ## Footnote General: **fever** GI: diarrhoea, **vomiting**
Salmonella
68
DDx * General: FLAWS * Pustular macule at site * Regional adenopathy
Cat scratch disease ## Footnote Bartonella henselae (immunocompetent)
69
DDx * Skin papules * Disseminated multi-organ & vasculature involvement * bursting of vessels in organs & tissues
Bacillary angiomatosis ## Footnote Bartonella henselae (Immunocompromised)
70
DDx * General: fever * Adenopathy * Progressive visual, hearing, motor, cognitive decline * Neuro: seizures, neuropathies (immunocompromised) * **STILLBIRTH**
toxoplasmosis
71
DDx 1-4 weeks post-exposure 1. General: fever, flu-like (myalgia, headache) 2. ~ ATYPICAL pneumonia
psitticosis
72
DDx * General: FLAWS * Back pain * Orchitis * Focal abscesses (psoas, liver)
Brucellosis
73
DDx * General: fever, flu-like (myalgia, headache) * CVS: endocarditis * Resp: pneumonia * GI: hepatitis * Focal abscesses e.g. paravertebral/ discitis
Q fever (Coxiella burnetii)
74
DDx * General: fever * Other: mouth foaming * Neuro: headache, seizures, agitation, confusion
Rabies
75
DDx 2-10 days post-exposure 1. Fever, polyarthralgia, maculopapular à purpuric rash 2. Endocarditis
rat bite fever (Streptobacillus moniliformis // Spirillum minus rats)
76
DDx 2-4 weeks post-exposure 1. Fever, myalgia, headache, SOB, N&V 2. ARDS, hypotension, shock
Huntavirus respiratory syndrome Sin nombre virus Black canal virus Bayou virus * mouse/rats
77
DDx * General: fever, flu-like (myalgia, headache) * Bleeding
**Viral haemmorhagic fever**

4 - Y5 a Path lectures 2021/22 (37 decks)

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