Microbiology Flashcards
(36 cards)
What does hydrolase do?
It destroys the host cell genome. It leads to all cellular energy being used for viral protein production and not host protein production. It also creates a pool of free dNTPs for viral genome replication.
What does a lysozme do?
It pokes holes in bacterial cell walls and causes lysis.
What is +RNA?
It is mRNA
What could lead to a lytic from a lysogenic cycle?
- Removal of repressor
2. Stress
What is transduction?
It is the removal of a piece of host genome during excision.
Can genetic diversity occur due to transduction?
Yes it can
What is the productive cycle (occurs in animal viruses only)?
It is similar to lytic cycle but it does not lyse the host cell but rather it exits by ‘budding’ like exocytosis.
In which cycle does a virus acquire a coating of lipid bilayer?
In the productive cycle.
What are the advantages of the productive cycle?
- More virus
2. Envelope ‘wolf in sheep’s clothing’ allows for easier infection and immune protection.
What is a -RNA?
It is a template for mRNA. It is not immediately translated like +RNA.
What is another name for +RNA lysogenic virus?
Retrovirus
What are prions?
They infectious proteins.
Mutant prions can?
- arise spontaneously due to mutation
- be heritable
- be transmitted through consumption of infected tissues
What are viroids?
They are a piece of +RNA but have no capside unlike viruses
How do viroids replicate?
Use rolling circle replication
Different shapes of bacteria
coccus, spirochete, bacillus
What is the ending when referring to flagella?
“____trichous”
What are the different types of flagella?
Monotrichous = one flagella Amphitrichous = two flagella Peritrichous = flagella all around
The different parts of a flagella
Basal unit = attaches flagella
Hook = used for direction
Filament = used for “whipping”
What is the cell wall of bacteria made up of?
Peptidoglycan cell wall
Gram + vs Gram -
Gram + have cell walls but Gram - have an outer cell membrane instead of a cell wall.
What are the bacteria that live in different temperatures?
Mesophiles = medium temperature Thermophiles = Hot temperature Psychrophiles = Cold temperature
What is an obligate aerobe?
Need O2 and die without it
What is facultative anaerobe?
Use O2 to survive and ferment when O2 is absent
