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Microbiology Flashcards

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1
Q

Classification of fungi

A

Eukaryote

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2
Q

Classification of parasites

A

protozoa, helminths, eukaryote

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3
Q

Classification of algae

A

eukaryote

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4
Q

Classification of bacteria

A

prokaryote

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5
Q

Classification of virus

A

acellular

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6
Q

Classification of prions

A

acellular

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7
Q

Prokaryote ribosomes

A

70S-50S and 30S

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8
Q

Eukaryote ribosomes

A

80S-60S and 40S

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9
Q

Difference in cell membrane between eukaryote and prokaryote

A

Eukaryote contain sterols

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10
Q

Difference in locomotion between eukaryote and prokaryote

A

Prokaryote: flagella
Eukaryote: flagella or cilia

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11
Q

Which organism (pro vs euk) has pili and fimbriae?

A

Prokaryote

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12
Q

What are glycocaylces made of?

A

Polysaccharide polymers
Capsule-firmly attached or
Slime layer-loosely attached

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13
Q

What’s the clinical significance of glycocaylces?

A

They help bacteria evade the immune system.

Slime layer of glycocaylex promotes adhesion

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14
Q

What’s the structural difference between gram positive and gram negative bacteria?

A

Gram Positive: No outer membrane; Thick peptidoglycan; Teichoic and lipoteichoic acid; no periplasmic space

Gram Negative: Outer membrane; Thin peptidoglycan; Has LPS; No teichoic or lipoteichoic acid; has a periplasmic space

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15
Q

What is peptidoglycan made out of?

A

Repeating NAG and NAM chains; tetrapeptide chain; Side chain at NAG

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16
Q

What’s the composition of gram negative outer membrane?

A

Contains LPS and Lipid A, which is a part of LPS

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17
Q

Function of Gram negative outer membrane?

A

Acts as a sieve through porins
Barrier to external environment
Enhances attachment to host cells

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18
Q

Gram staining steps

A 
PM(D)S
Primary stain: crystal violet
Mordant/fixative: Grams iodine
Decolorizing agent: Alcohol
Counter stain: safranin
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19
Q

What are used for DNA exchange between bacteria and attaching of bacteria to external surfaces?

A

Pili and fimbriae

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20
Q

What are endospores stained with?

A

Schaeffer-fulton stain

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21
Q

Which organism has low virulence? High virulence?

A

Low: Streptococcus salvarius
High: Yersinia pestis

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22
Q

What are the categories for virulence?

A

Infectious dose
Likelihood of causing disease when present
Severity of disease caused

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23
Q

Where are peyer’s patches located and what’s their significance?

A

Colon
Macrophages, T and B cells reside there.
M cells transfer antigens to dendritic cells

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24
Q

Invasion of bacteria into cells is mediated by what?

Study These Flashcards
A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis causes cytoskeletal changes in the cell, allowing the pathogen to enter via phagocytosis

25
What is an essential component of bacteria survival and what transports iron across the cell membrane?
Iron | Siderophores
26
Function of A-B exotoxins
ADP-Ribosylation Cholera toxin activates G protein upregulation = diarrhea Diptheria inactivates protein synthesis = cell death
27
Function of membrane-active exotoxins
Pore forming and degradative enzymes
28
MacConkey agar
Differential medium--only allows from gram negative growth Lactose fermenting is pink Non-lactose fermenting is not pink
29
Chocolate agar and blood agar
Enriched medium
30
Gram and morphology of campylobacter jejuni
Gram - | S-shaped
31
Gram and morphology of vibrio
Gram - | Comma
32
Gram and morphology of N gonorrhea and N. meninitidis
Gram - | Diplococci
33
Gram and morphology of M. catarrhalis
Gram - | Cocci
34
Staphylococcus aureus Disease Plate
Ferments mannitol The only staphylococcus that produces Beta-hemolysis on blood agar Colonizes anterior nose Inflammatory disease Toxigenic disease MRSA Mannitol Salt Agar: Positive (yellow); Negative (pink)
35
What bug is the most common site of prosthetic valve endocartitis and IV catheters?
Staphylococcus epidermis
36
UTI bug
Staphylococcus saprophyticus | Novobiocin resistant
37
Which bug has an arrowhead on CAMP?
Streptococcus agalacticae
38
Streptococcus pyogenes
Bacitracin sensitive (growth inhibition) Produces Beta-hemolysis on blood agar Scarlett fever, TSS-like necrotizing fascitis
39
Streptococcus pneumoniae
``` Encapsulated, lancet shaped diplococci Optochin sensitive Produces alpha-hemolysis on blood agar plate Pneumonia Sinusitis Meningitis Ear infection ```
40
Normal flora of the intestines
Enterococcus spp
41
Causative agent of diphtheria
Corynebacteria diphtheria
42
Clinical manifestations of listeria
Babies: 50% mortality; early: sepsis; Late: meningitis Pregnant women: Flu-like symptoms; premature labor or septic abortion Immunocompromised: CNS, endocarditis
43
What bug can be both gram positive or gram variable and causes a reduction in lactobacillus population?
Gardnerella vaginalis
44
Gram variable, branched, beaded appearance and respiratory/cutaneous infections?
Nocardia
45
What causes food poisoning?
Bacillus cereus
46
What causes GI, pulmonary and cutaneous infections and has a beaten egg white appearance?
Bacillus anthracis
47
What produces a green pigment that diffuses in medium and has a fruity odor? Gram?
Pseudonoma aeruginosa | Gram negative
48
What is an opportunistic pathogen that lives in the upper respiratory tract of healthy people?
Moraxella Catarrhalis
49
What is the causative agent of primary septicemia, wound and soft tissue infections
Vibrio vulnificus
50
Common cause of respiratory infections and meningitis
H. influenzae
51
What is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide?
Campylobacter jejuni
52
What are slender, helically shaped, flexous organisms?
Spirochetes
53
What is the causative agent of syphilis, is a spirochette, and is not grown in culture?
Treponema pallidum
54
What is the only type of spirochete that isn't too thin to be seen by light?
Borrelia
55
What is the causative agent of lyme disease and is a tick-borne infection?
Borrelia burgdorferi
56
Which agent is associated with exposure to parrots?
chlamydophila psittaci
57
What are the most common pathogens of nocardia?
N. asteroids and N. brasiliensis
58
What's the causative agent of gas gangrene?
Clostridium perfringens

Foundations (2 decks)

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