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Foundations > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of fungi

A

Eukaryote

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2
Q

Classification of parasites

A

protozoa, helminths, eukaryote

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3
Q

Classification of algae

A

eukaryote

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4
Q

Classification of bacteria

A

prokaryote

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5
Q

Classification of virus

A

acellular

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6
Q

Classification of prions

A

acellular

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7
Q

Prokaryote ribosomes

A

70S-50S and 30S

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8
Q

Eukaryote ribosomes

A

80S-60S and 40S

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9
Q

Difference in cell membrane between eukaryote and prokaryote

A

Eukaryote contain sterols

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10
Q

Difference in locomotion between eukaryote and prokaryote

A

Prokaryote: flagella
Eukaryote: flagella or cilia

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11
Q

Which organism (pro vs euk) has pili and fimbriae?

A

Prokaryote

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12
Q

What are glycocaylces made of?

A

Polysaccharide polymers
Capsule-firmly attached or
Slime layer-loosely attached

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13
Q

What’s the clinical significance of glycocaylces?

A

They help bacteria evade the immune system.

Slime layer of glycocaylex promotes adhesion

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14
Q

What’s the structural difference between gram positive and gram negative bacteria?

A

Gram Positive: No outer membrane; Thick peptidoglycan; Teichoic and lipoteichoic acid; no periplasmic space

Gram Negative: Outer membrane; Thin peptidoglycan; Has LPS; No teichoic or lipoteichoic acid; has a periplasmic space

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15
Q

What is peptidoglycan made out of?

A

Repeating NAG and NAM chains; tetrapeptide chain; Side chain at NAG

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16
Q

What’s the composition of gram negative outer membrane?

A

Contains LPS and Lipid A, which is a part of LPS

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17
Q

Function of Gram negative outer membrane?

A

Acts as a sieve through porins
Barrier to external environment
Enhances attachment to host cells

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18
Q

Gram staining steps

A 
PM(D)S
Primary stain: crystal violet
Mordant/fixative: Grams iodine
Decolorizing agent: Alcohol
Counter stain: safranin
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19
Q

What are used for DNA exchange between bacteria and attaching of bacteria to external surfaces?

A

Pili and fimbriae

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20
Q

What are endospores stained with?

A

Schaeffer-fulton stain

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21
Q

Which organism has low virulence? High virulence?

A

Low: Streptococcus salvarius
High: Yersinia pestis

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22
Q

What are the categories for virulence?

A

Infectious dose
Likelihood of causing disease when present
Severity of disease caused

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23
Q

Where are peyer’s patches located and what’s their significance?

A

Colon
Macrophages, T and B cells reside there.
M cells transfer antigens to dendritic cells

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24
Q

Invasion of bacteria into cells is mediated by what?

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis causes cytoskeletal changes in the cell, allowing the pathogen to enter via phagocytosis

25
Q

What is an essential component of bacteria survival and what transports iron across the cell membrane?

A

Iron

Siderophores

26
Q

Function of A-B exotoxins

A

ADP-Ribosylation
Cholera toxin activates G protein upregulation = diarrhea
Diptheria inactivates protein synthesis = cell death

27
Q

Function of membrane-active exotoxins

A

Pore forming and degradative enzymes

28
Q

MacConkey agar

A

Differential medium–only allows from gram negative growth
Lactose fermenting is pink
Non-lactose fermenting is not pink

29
Q

Chocolate agar and blood agar

A

Enriched medium

30
Q

Gram and morphology of campylobacter jejuni

A

Gram -

S-shaped

31
Q

Gram and morphology of vibrio

A

Gram -

Comma

32
Q

Gram and morphology of N gonorrhea and N. meninitidis

A

Gram -

Diplococci

33
Q

Gram and morphology of M. catarrhalis

A

Gram -

Cocci

34
Q

Staphylococcus aureus
Disease
Plate

A

Ferments mannitol
The only staphylococcus that produces Beta-hemolysis on blood agar
Colonizes anterior nose
Inflammatory disease
Toxigenic disease
MRSA
Mannitol Salt Agar: Positive (yellow); Negative (pink)

35
Q

What bug is the most common site of prosthetic valve endocartitis and IV catheters?

A

Staphylococcus epidermis

36
Q

UTI bug

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Novobiocin resistant

37
Q

Which bug has an arrowhead on CAMP?

A

Streptococcus agalacticae

38
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Bacitracin sensitive (growth inhibition)
Produces Beta-hemolysis on blood agar
Scarlett fever, TSS-like necrotizing fascitis

39
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A 
Encapsulated, lancet shaped diplococci
Optochin sensitive
Produces alpha-hemolysis on blood agar plate
Pneumonia
Sinusitis 
Meningitis
Ear infection
40
Q

Normal flora of the intestines

A

Enterococcus spp

41
Q

Causative agent of diphtheria

A

Corynebacteria diphtheria

42
Q

Clinical manifestations of listeria

A

Babies: 50% mortality; early: sepsis; Late: meningitis
Pregnant women: Flu-like symptoms; premature labor or septic abortion
Immunocompromised: CNS, endocarditis

43
Q

What bug can be both gram positive or gram variable and causes a reduction in lactobacillus population?

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

44
Q

Gram variable, branched, beaded appearance and respiratory/cutaneous infections?

A

Nocardia

45
Q

What causes food poisoning?

A

Bacillus cereus

46
Q

What causes GI, pulmonary and cutaneous infections and has a beaten egg white appearance?

A

Bacillus anthracis

47
Q

What produces a green pigment that diffuses in medium and has a fruity odor? Gram?

A

Pseudonoma aeruginosa

Gram negative

48
Q

What is an opportunistic pathogen that lives in the upper respiratory tract of healthy people?

A

Moraxella Catarrhalis

49
Q

What is the causative agent of primary septicemia, wound and soft tissue infections

A

Vibrio vulnificus

50
Q

Common cause of respiratory infections and meningitis

A

H. influenzae

51
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide?

A

Campylobacter jejuni

52
Q

What are slender, helically shaped, flexous organisms?

A

Spirochetes

53
Q

What is the causative agent of syphilis, is a spirochette, and is not grown in culture?

A

Treponema pallidum

54
Q

What is the only type of spirochete that isn’t too thin to be seen by light?

A

Borrelia

55
Q

What is the causative agent of lyme disease and is a tick-borne infection?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

56
Q

Which agent is associated with exposure to parrots?

A

chlamydophila psittaci

57
Q

What are the most common pathogens of nocardia?

A

N. asteroids and N. brasiliensis

58
Q

What’s the causative agent of gas gangrene?

A

Clostridium perfringens

Foundations (2 decks)

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