Microbiology (All) Flashcards
(473 cards)
1
Q
A mannitol salt agar is used for ______
A
Staphylococcus
2
Q
Deoxyribonuclease in a medium inhibits ______
A
Transformation
3
Q
Which of the following are negri bodies seen in?
A
Rabies
4
Q
Which of the following is an advantage of passive immunity?
A
Rapid availability of protection
5
Q
Which of the following release IL-2
A
T-Lymphocytes
6
Q
Which of the following does a virus cause?
A
Measles
7
Q
Which of the following describes destruction of all microorganisms?
A
Sterilization
8
Q
Fever blisters are associated with which of the following?
A
Herpes Simplex 1
9
Q
Which of the following is an acid-fast bacterium?
A
Mycobacterium
10
Q
Which of the following is coagulase positive?
A
Staph Aureus
11
Q
Which of the following has no cell wall?
A
Mycoplasma
12
Q
Peritrichous is a pattern of _____
A
Flagella (Peritrichous is a bacteria that has a flagella)
13
Q
Which of the following causes yaws?
A
Treponema pertenunez
14
Q
A rapid loss of fluids is associated with which of the following?
A
Cholera
15
Q
Which of the following is Reye’s Syndrome associated with?
A
Influenza
16
Q
Which of the following is associated with mononucleosis?
A
Epstein Barr
17
Q
Which of the following causes atypical primary pneumonia?
A
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
18
Q
Which of the following causes Osteomyelitis?
A
Staph Aureus
19
Q
Which type of milk is the most apt to cause disease?
A
Raw
20
Q
Which of the following organisms causes hemorrhagic jaundice?
A
Leptospira ictohemorrhagiea
21
Q
A throat culture predominately pinpoints beta-hemolytic colonies of gram-positive cocci in pairs and chains, which are bacitracin sensitive, and not bile soluble is indicative of which of the following pathogens?
A
Strep pyogenes
22
Q
Antibodies are synthesized and released by which of the following cells?
A
Plasma cells
23
Q
The best medium to identify Neisseria gonorrhea is which of the following?
A
Thayer Martin Agar (chocolate agar)
24
Q
If a urine sample contains WBC, WBC casts, and bacteria it would indicate which of the following?
A
Acute pyelonephritis
25
Which of the following does the greatest damage to the ozone layer?
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC)
26
Trismus is a characteristic finding in which of the following?
Tetanus
27
Which of the following cell types contain heparin?
Basophil
28
Which part of the complement is the 1st to affix to the cell membrane?
C3B (important in opsonization)
29
Which of the following produces helper substances?
CD4 (cytotoxic T-cell)
30
Which infection predisposes a child to Reye's Syndrome?
Influenza
31
Which of the following bacteria transmit drug resistors?
Plasmids
32
Which of the following cause hookwrm disease?
Necator americans
33
Which of the following cause pinworm disease?
Enterohius vermicularis
34
Which of the following cause round worms?
Ascariasis lumbricoides
35
Which of the following immunoglobulins crosses the placenta and provides passive immunity to the fetus?
IgG
36
Which of the following cell types work together with T-lymphocytes to recognize foreign antigens and stimulate antibody production?
Macrophages
37
Which of the following government agencies is not part of the US Public Health Service?
Communicable disease center (CDC - center for disease control currently)
38
Which of the following diseases cause weight loss, abdominal pain and mucous diarrhea and lasts for more than 3 days?
Giardia (giardiasis) - this is a flagellate, oral/fecal transmission, interferes with fat absorption, fatty diarrhea also known as Giardia Lamblia
39
Which of the following is responsible for Lyme's disease?
Borrelia burgdorferi
40
Which of the following etiological agents causes epidemic typhus?
Rickettsia prowazeki
41
Which genus are responsible for infant diarrhea in hospital nurseries?
Escherichia (E. coli)
42
Which of the following parasites causes blackwater fever?
Plasmodium falciparum
43
Which factor is responsible for making influenza pandemic?
Antigenic shift
44
Which of the following routes transmits mycoplasma hormone?
Sexual
45
______ causes childhood dysentery
Coxsackie Virus B
46
_____ is a eukaryotic organism
Protozoa
47
The DPT vaccine offers which type of immuity?
Artificial Active
48
Organisms of which genus usually cause allergic reactions?
Aspergillus (a. Fumigatus, a. Clavatus)
49
Which of the following organisms causes whooping cough?
Bacterium (Bordetella Pertussis - Gram negative coccobacilli)
50
_____ is the usual cause of bladder infections
E. Coli
51
____ is the immunoglobulin, which can be detected, early in an infectious process
IgM
52
Motor viruses primarily affect which system?
Nervous system
53
Which of the following most commonly causes impetigo contagious?
Strep Pyogenes (Group A B-hemolytic streptococci)
54
Blue green pus in a wound indicates the presence of which of the following organisms?
Pseudomonas aeriginosa (Obligate aerobic, Gram -, motile rods)
55
What is the most common organism to affect a patient with AIDS?
Pneumocystic carnii (opportunistic infection often associated with immunosuppression, has characteristics of fungus and protozoa)
56
The helminth that causes the most deaths worldwide belongs to which genus?
Schistosoma (found in water) (pg. 10 on packet) - has 3 types [Mansoni, Japonicum, Hematobium]
57
_____ cells process antigen.
Macrophages
58
_____ can penetrate unbroken skin.
Schistosoma mansoni (infectious part of the parasite [flatworm] cercariae leave the snail and penetrate human skin that is in contact with contaminated freshwater)
59
Which of the following does a vector NOT transmit?
Fever
60
Which of the following is a result of the reaction between soluble antigen and a specific antibody?
Precipitation
61
Vitamin B12 deficiency often results from which worm infestation?
Diphyllobothrium latum (fish tapeworm - contracted from undercooked fish - Megaloblastic anemia due to the fish tapeworm absorbing all the nutrients the individual is eating, resulting in a B12 deficiency)
62
Organisms from which genus are used as antigen in the diagnosis of Rickettsia disease?
Proteus
63
Destroying of the larva of parasites from the genus Ascariasis, Schistosoma and Trichinella is a distinctive function of ______.
Eosinophils
64
Which of the following organisms is coagulase positive?
Staph aureus
65
Which parasite is most apt to infect the person who has been walking barefoot in a pile of feces?
Necatur americans
66
Which of the following exhibits a gray pseudomembrane?
Diphtheria
67
Pasteurization is complete when the _____ organism has been killed.
Brucellosis (zoonosis - transmitted from RAW MILK - fever and joint infections)
68
What is the purpose of pasteurization?
To stop the growth of Bacteria
69
Which of the following is characteristic of a pyogenic organism?
Pus formation
70
Which of the following is a pathogen found in contaminated water?
Leptospira interrogans (infectious jaundice - found in contaminated water either by animal urine, feces)
71
Which of the following causes Legionnaire's Disease?
Bacteria
72
Which of the following sexually transmitted organisms causes PID and Infertility?
Chlamydia trachomatis
73
Which of the following causes Bacillary Dysentery?
Shigella (Shigella Dysenteriae)
74
What is a common characteristic of diphtheria?
Pharyngeal Pseudomenbrane (exotoxin causes grey pseudomembrane in the throat)
75
Which of the following increase when a parasitic infection is present?
Eosinophils
76
Which of the following is the primary pathological consequence of Malarial infection?
Erythrocyte destruction (pg 8 packet)
77
Which of the following diseases is a result of phage induction in staphylococci?
Osteomyelitis
78
Bacterial capsules are generally composed of a high molecular weight. Which of the following is one?
Polysaccharides
79
Respiratory syncytial virus is the major cause of Bronchiolitis and Pneumonia in which of the following?
Infants
80
Which of the following conditions is associated with Koplik spots?
Rubella
81
Bacteria which grows @ 55 degrees C or higher are known as _____
Thermophile
82
Which of the following organisms cause hard black subcutaneous nodules around the scalp?
Piedri Hortae
83
Which of the following is primarily found in hard water?
Calcium, Magnesium, Salts
84
Which of the following conditions is caused by Clostridium perfungies?
Gas Gangrene (fermentation with gas production causes death of tissues)
85
Which of the following immunoglobulins mediates type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?
IgE
86
Which of the following has been implicated in river blindness?
Onchocerca (Onchocerca Volvulus - vector = black fly, central africa, mexico, south america)
87
The Bacillus calmette gueron (BCG vaccine) vaccine provided immunity against which of the following?
Tuberculosis
88
What is the virus that causes Gengivostomatitis?
Herpes Simplex 1 (HSV1 - oral, HSV2 - below the waist, Whitlow - hands/fingers)
89
Which of the following is related to the transmission of Measles?
Respiratory Inhalation
90
Which of the following causes purulent vaginal discharge and burning?
Neisseria gonorrhea
91
Influenza pandemic occurs because of which of the following?
Antigenic shift
92
_______ is the process by which two or more different strains of a virus, or strains of two or more different viruses, combine to form a new sub-type having a mixture of the surface antigens of the two or more original strains.
Antigenic shift
93
Which of the following parasites causes Cysticerocosis?
Taenia Solium
94
Which of the following increases the immunogenic sympathetic soluble thymogen?
Immunoglobulins
95
Which of the following is associated with an encapsulated Diplococcus?
Neisseria (Neisseria gonorrheae, Neisseria meningititis)
96
Chlorinated hydrocarbons that are stored in the bone can be most destructive to which of the following?
CNS
97
Which of the following organisms is most responsible for fecal contamination of water?
E. Coli
98
Which of the following sources of water contain the most sulfur?
Rain water
99
Which of the following is the step before flocculation in water treatment?
Filtration [Filter --> Flocculation --> Sediment --> Sand filter --> Sludge digest --> Aeration --> Chlorination]
100
Which of the following elements is prevalent in significant amounts in ground water?
Radon
101
Which of the following cells in the plasma contain interleukin II?
T-lymphocytes
102
Which of the following is involved in the transmission of Hepatitis A?
Ingestion
103
The causative agent of ringworm is a _______
Fungus
104
Which of the following organisms causes thrush?
Candida albicans
105
Coccidiodomycosis is a fungus that affects which of the following?
Lungs
106
Which of the following can aggravate C-3?
Plasmin
107
Which of the following is found in the infectious stage of Necator americanus?
Trophozoite
108
Which of the following cells produce interleukin I?
Mononuclear phagocytes
109
Which of the following cells produce Histamine?
Mast cells
110
Scolex on a tapeworm is for which of the following?
Attachement to intestinal mucosa
111
Transmission of Herpes II (HSV-2) from mother to newborn is ______
Perinatal
112
Secondary amoebic infection will spread to which organ?
Liver
113
What causes Otitis media?
Hemophiles influenza
114
Conjugation involves which of the following structures?
Pilus
115
What is the cause of a heroin addict who has fever, tremors, mm. spasma, red streaks over injection site?
Strep Pyogenes [Group A Beta-hemolytic streptococci causes strep throat, scarlet fever, impetigo, glomerulonephritis]
116
Which of the following causes stomach ulcers?
H. Pylori
117
Which of the following is the vector of St. Louis encephalitis?
Mosquito
118
Which of the following is found in farmers who breathe in hay or grain dust?
Farmers lung [hypersensitivity pneumonitis that results from inhalation of moldy hay or grain dust - type 3 hypersentitivity rxn that can become chronic] (DO NOT CONFUSE WITH SILO-FILLER's DX - NO2 rxn to silage - results in ARDS)
119
Ringworm is diagnosed using which of the following?
Ultra Violet (woods lamp)
120
In what phase do bacteria divide at a CONSTANT rate?
Log [constant division]
121
Which of the following is the Vector for Rocky Mtn Spotted Fever?
Tick
122
What has been responsible for the greatest increase in life expectancy?
Control of Infectious Disease
123
Which of the following is most apt to be found in a muscle biopsy?
Trichimonis
124
Which of the following is not a water borne disease?
Shigella (contaminated soil)
125
Zehl Nelson stain is used to detect which of the following?
Acid Fast Bacilli
126
Which of the following diseases is spread via the fecal/oral route?
Polio
127
Which of the following strains of E. Coli causes travelers diarrhea?
Enterotoxogenic
128
Schistosoma affects what part of the body?
Blood [Blood flukes cause schistosomiasis (Bilharzia]
129
Which of the following causes fungal infection of the lung?
Histoplasmosia and Coccidiomycosis
130
Which of the following causes acute Osteomyelitis?
Staph aureus
131
Clostridium _________ causes gas gangrene and myonecrosis...
Perfringens
132
Which of the following is a process by which colloidal particles settle out from solution?
Flocculation
133
Penicillin acts by preventing formation of _____ in bacteria.
Peptidoglycans
134
Which of the following pathogens causes Colitis secondary to antibiotic treatment?
Clostridium difficile
135
Which of the following is in saliva and tears?
IgA
136
Which of the following U.S. Government Agency compiles data on outbreaks of disease?
CDC
137
Which of the following is a cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis?
Strep viridians
138
Epidemic parototitis is associated with ______
Mumps
139
Haemophilus Ducreyi is associated with what type of ulcer, and is it painful?
Chancroid Ulcer - Painful
140
Treponema Pallidum is a likely cause of Syphilis, what type of ulcer does syphilis usually produce and is it painful?
Chancre Ulcer - Painless
141
Which organism causes diphtheria?
Bacterium
142
What cells produce antibodies in response to an antigen?
Plasma cells
143
What is the most common hookworm in the U.S.?
Nector americanus [eggs hatch in soil, larvae penetrate bare skin, adults mature in sm. intestine]
144
Tetanus toxoid neutralizes ______
Circulating toxins
145
Active digestion of organic material occurs at which stage of sewage treatment?
Trickling [trying to find diagrams for this is awful idk just take a hit on this?]
146
Which of the following organisms lacks a cell wall?
Mycoplasma
147
Which of the following federal agencies is responsible for lab experiment standards?
NIH (national institute of health)
148
Which of the following is responsible for atypical primary pneumonia?
Mycoplasma pneumonia
149
Erythromatous ring seen in scarlet fever comes from which of the following?
Strep
150
Which organism is responsible for common form food poisoning?
Staph aures
151
Trypansoma gambiensi (Trypansoma brucei) primarily affects what?
Brain [also known as african sleeping sickness - vector = tse tse fly]
152
Which of the following cells produces interleukin II?
T-helper cells
153
Which of the following immunoglobulins is most predominant in the neonate?
IgG
154
Which scientist is credited with stating that bacteria is capable of transferring genetic information?
Griffith
155
Recent outbreaks from E. coli are due to which of the following?
Enteropathogenic [uh, no idea where this "fact" comes from]
156
The incidence of disease is best defined as the total number of __________
New cases appearing in a given time
157
What type of food poisoning is obtained from improperly canned foods?
Botulism
158
Which of the following is toxic, does not have DNA, but still has protein?
Prion
159
Which of the following organisms causes Rheumatic Fever?
Group A Lancefield (lancefield classifications are based off if the organism is catalase positive or negative)
160
Hepatic Whitlow occurs in which of the following?
Fingers
161
Which of the following agencies writes and publishes literature?
WHO
162
Salk vaccine is considered to be ______
Inactive Polio
163
How does UV radiation destroy organisms?
Destroys the DNA
164
Which of the following causes Scalded Skin Syndrome?
Staph aureus
165
When there is an epidemic spread of a disease which of the following is most important?
The Vector
166
Which of the following transmits Hepatitis A?
Fecal/Oral
167
Which of the following causes rice water stools?
Cholera
168
Which of the following antibiotics is used to treat resistant strains of Staph aureus?
Vancomycin
169
Iodine used in gram staining is considered a _______
Modant
170
Which of the following causes symptoms similar to mono?
Cytomegalovirus
171
Which of the following produces a toxin that does not allow Ach to be released at the myoneural junction?
Clostridium tetani
172
Which of the following is catalase and coagulase negative?
Staph aureus
173
Which of the following parasites is found around the anus and is detected by the scotch tape test?
Enterobius vermicularis [pinworm - females lay eggs in perianal area causing itching - scotch tape method of egg collection]
174
Which of the following is the most common PID?
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
175
Exposure to chickenpox and measles will impart which of the following immunities?
Natural active
176
Which of the following is the organism most responsible for urinary tract infection?
E. Coli
177
Trypanosonia cruzi is the organism that causes what?
Chagas disease
178
The etiological agent of Lymes Disease is _______
Borrelia Burgdorferi
179
Which of the following is involved in immediate hypersensitivity reactions?
IgE
180
Salmonella poisoning is most commonly due to ingestion of ____&____
Eggs and Poultry
181
Which process has contributed to the decline in the incidence of food poisoning?
Proper Cooking
182
Which organism most commonly affects AIDS patients?
Fungus
183
Lymphocytes release ____ in response to a viral infection.
Interferon
184
Which of the following is a causative agent in smallpox?
Variola
185
Candylomata lata are found in what stage of Syphilis?
Secondary
186
Which of the following is used to measure sewage contamination?
Coliforms
187
Which of the following Rickettsia diseases is found in contaminated milk?
Q Fever [this is also known as Coxiella]
188
Which of the following cells is present in an antibody to antigen reaction?
B-Lymphocytes
189
What is the most common way to be infected by Toxoplasmosis?
Feline Feces
190
The presence of a red streak that appears along the course of a blood vessel would indicate development of ________
Bacteremia
191
Which of the following is the Federal Agency that sets lab standards?
NIH
192
The ELISA test is for ________
AIDS
193
Which of the following Federal Agencies sets the standards for the work place?
OSHA
194
Which of the following has pear shaped double nuclei and 4 pair of flagella?
Giardia Lamblia
195
Which of the following Federal Agencies funds research?
NIH
196
Which of the following is a characteristic of Staph Aureus?
Active and Invasive Opportunist
197
What zoonosis disease do spores spread?
Anthrax
198
What is the mode of transmission for German Measles?
Respiratory Droplets
199
Which scientist is responsible for the prevention of food borne disease?
Pasteur
200
Which of the following Govt Agencies focuses on biomedical research?
NIH
201
A 10 yr old with a stiff neck, severe headache, nausea, vomiting, 104 degree temp, tachycardia, and meningitis WITHOUT rash has what?
Equine Encephalitis
202
Which of the following results in passive naturally acquired immunity?
Breast Feeding
203
What is the 1st human cellular defense against viral infection?
Humoral response
204
Which bacteria are primarily responsible for spontaneous abortion in cattle?
Brucella
205
What is the primary site of campylobacteriasis?
Intestine [campylobacter jejuni]
206
Which of the following consumes inorganic material?
Autotroph
207
The brain and the peripheral nervous system produce which of the following immunoregulatory chemicals?
- Interleukin I (macrophage)
| - Gamma Globulins (B-cells)
208
Which of the following does Herpes Simplex Type II cause?
Genital Herpes
209
The rash cause by rocky Mountain Spotted Fever originates in which of the following areas of the body?
Ankles and Wrist
210
Which of the following conditions are caused by Staph Aureus?
```
S.T.O.I.C.E.
- Scalded skin
- Toxic Shock
- Osteomyelitis
- Impetigo
- Carbuncles
- E...
[I don't remember what the E stands for, and can't find it anywhere]
```
211
A mature adult parasite makes its permanent home in the ______
Definitive Host
212
The common cold is spread via _____
AIR
213
AIDS virus attacks which of the following?
CD4 and Cytotoxic T-Cells
214
What is the most common fungal condition in the Ohio Valley and Missisippi Valley areas?
Histoplasmosis [spelunkers disease - transmitted by inhalation of spores in bat and bird feces - pulmonary and systemic infections]
215
Protozoa are found in water in which of the following forms?
Cyst Form
216
What is the function of a bacterial capsule?
Prevents bacterial phagocytosis
217
Delayed hypersensitivity is ______
Cell mediated
218
Which of the following fluoresces under light?
Pseudomonas aeriginosa
219
Which of the following is associated with childhood dysentery?
Coxsackie Virus
220
What is the most likely outcome of a Hepatitis A Virus infection?
Full recovery
221
What is the most likely cause if a patient presents with blurred vision, 103 degree temperature, fever, diarrhea, and headache?
Clostridium botulinum
222
What is the mode of transmission for Wool Sorters Disease?
Inhalation of Bacillus anthrax spores
223
Trismus (lock jaw) is caused by which of the following?
Clostridium Tetani
224
Extrinsic asthma is characterized by increased ____
Serum IgE levels
225
What is the most common cause of lead poisoning in the U.S.?
Industrial waste
226
Parasitic infections will increase which of the following?
Eosinophils
227
What type of immunity is imparted to a person who has taken the DPT vaccine?
Artificial active
228
Ingestion and digestion of solid foods by cells of the body is ______
Phagocytosis
229
Which of the following causes Baciliary dysentery?
Shigella
230
Iodine functions as a _____ in gram staining procedure.
Mordant
231
Which of the following causes Thrush?
Candida albicans
232
Which of the following is Acid Fast?
Mycobacterium
233
Which of the following causes blue-green pus?
Pseudomonas aeriginosa
234
Which of the following is the most appropriate test to determine acid-fast bacilli?
Ziehl Nielson
235
What is the function of a bacterial capsid?
Protects nuclear material
236
What is the probable cause of a 4 year old that presents with upper respiratory infection, pharyngitis, laryngitis, a red pharynx, and a 102 degree fever?
Hemophilus Influenza
237
What is the most common cause of childhood diarrhea?
Reovirus
238
Antibodies, which provide immunity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, react with the ________
capsular polysaccharide
239
What is the best way to test for Typhus?
Blood
240
What is the vector for Leishmaniasis?
Sand fly
241
Negri bodies are found in _______
Rabies
242
Which of the following does not produce an exotoxin?
Baciliary dysentery
243
Which of the following produce exotoxin?
- Clostridium tetani
- Staph aureus
- Strep pyogenes
244
Water borne infections are derived mostly from ______
Giardia lamblia
245
Mannitol salt agar is used to detect which of the following?
Pathogenic Staph
246
How is Hepatitis Virus vaccine produced?
Synthetically Manufactured
247
A patient with koplik spots probably is infected with what?
Rubella [MMR]
248
A darkfield microscope is used to identify which of the following?
Treponema pallidum (syphilis)
249
Coliform count is used to detect which of the following?
Inadequate sewage disposal
250
Microorganisms that live at 20-25 degrees C are classified as which of the following?
Mesophiles
251
BCG vaccine is used to prevent which of the following?
TB
252
Who is the scientist responsible for categorizing Streptococci?
Lancefield
253
Which of the following produces hard, red, non-painful lesions on the penis?
Syphilis
254
Which of the following is responsible for San Joaquin Valley Fever?
Coccidiodes immitis
255
Which portion of the body is most affected by the Herpes Virus?
Nervous System
256
What is the most common method of transmission for hookworm infection?
Through the skin
257
Precipitation from solution in the form of fleecy masses is the definition for which of the following?
Flocculation
258
Which of the following carries Equine encephalitis?
Mosquito
259
What is the worst form of malaria?
Plasmodium falciparum
260
Plasmodium fits into which of the following categories?
Protozoa
261
A severe lack of both B and T lmphocytes is asociated with which of the following?
Leukemia
262
Retrovirus is typically ____ to _____
RNA --> DNA
263
Which of the following is the reason that the FDA requires pasteurization of eggs across state lines?
To prevent salmonella
264
The fluke is known as Paragonia westermani is found in the _____
Lung
265
A rash on the hands and feet is characteristic of which of the following?
Rocky mountain spotted fever
266
Which of the following does not display immunoglobulin?
Type IV
267
Ascariasis lumbricoides is transmitted via which of the following?
Fecal/Oral
268
Mast cells are most closely correlated with which of the following?
Basophiles
269
Which of the following is not fully funded by the Federal Government?
CDC
270
Genital Herpes is associated with which of the following?
Type II Herpes
271
Herpes Simplex I is associated with which of the following?
Sores
272
Which of the following fungi cause jock itch?
Tinea cruris
273
The largest portion of air pollution in the U.S. comes from _______
Carbon Monoxide
274
Which of the following organisms is associated with Lymes disease?
Borrelia burgdorferi
275
Which of the following have flagella at both ends?
Peritrichous
276
Vibrio cholera will produce which of the following?
Water and Mucous in the stool
277
Which of the following is asociated with inflammation of the nerves in the face and brain?
Herpes
278
Which of the following cause Rock mountain spotted fever?
Rickettsia rickettsia
279
What is the secondary step in sewage treatment?
Use of microorganisms to digest materials
280
Chloride plus water results in which of the following?
Hydrochloric Acid
281
Putting in _____ cleans a septic tank
Microorganisms
282
Which of the following is an immune complex performed by the body?
C1-C2-C3-C4-C5
283
Delayed hypersensitivity is associated with which of the following?
Type IV cell mediated response
284
What is the diagnosis for a 30 y/o male who presents with a fever and skin lesions that appear as eccentric rings on the trunk?
Lymes Disease
285
Which of the following is asociated with Gas Gangrene?
Clos perferingens
286
WHich of the following does a vector not transmit?
Q fever
287
Which of the following is associated with the common cold?
Rhinovirus
288
Hemophilus influenza is most dangerous for _____
Newborns
289
Shigella causes which of the following?
Bacillary dysentery
290
Rose-colored spots on the abdomen are associated with which of the following?
Salmonella Typhosa
291
T-helper cells activate which of the following?
B-lymphocytes
292
Which of the following immunological reactions does not display immunoglobulin response?
Type IV
293
What is the fungus that affects the body?
Tinea corporis
294
Which of the following can spread the common cold?
Air and Fomites
295
A foul smelling fishy discharge is associated with which of the following?
Gardenella Vaginalis
296
What are plantar warts caused by?
Virus
297
Which of the following is the diagnostic test for TB?
Mantoux
298
Which of the following spreads epidemic typhus?
Body lice
299
What is the etiological agent that causes epidemic typhus?
Rickettsia prowazeki
300
What are the genus responsible for infant diarrhea in hospital nurseries?
E. Coli
301
Which of the following cause Black water fever?
PLasmodium falciforum
302
How is mycoplasma homonis transmitted?
Sexually
303
Which of the following is a Eukaryotic organism?
Protozoa
304
Which genus/species causes allergic reactions?
Aspergillus
305
Which of the following causes whooping cough?
bacterium
306
Which of the following is detected earliest in the infection process?
IgM
307
Motor viruses primarily affects which of the following?
Nervous system
308
Impetigo contagiosa is most commonly caused by ______
Strep pyogenes
309
What is the most common organism to affect a person with AIDS?
Pneumocystis carinii
310
Which of the following is the Helminth that causes the most deaths worldwide?
Schistosoma
311
Which of the following cells process antigen?
Macrophages
312
Which of the following can penetrate unbroken skin?
Schistosoma mansoni
313
Which of the following results in a reaction between a soluble antigen and a specific antibody?
Precipitation
314
Which of the following causes a B12 deficiency?
Diphyllobothrium latum (fishworm)
315
A throat culture that produces pinpoint beta-hemolytic colonies of gram-positive cocci in pairs and in chains, which are bacitracin sensitive and not bile soluble, would indicate which of the following?
Strep Pyogenes
316
Antibodies are synthesized and released by which of the following?
Plasma cells
317
What is the best medium to identify Neisseria gonorrhea?
Chocolate agar
318
If a urine sample as WBC's, WBC casts, RBC's and Bacteria in it you should investigate for which of the following?
Acute pyelonephritis
319
Which of the following contain heparin?
Basophils and Mast cells
320
Which is the 1st part of the complement to affix to the cell membrane?
C3B
321
Which of the following produces helper substances?
CD4
322
Which of the following infections predisposes a child to Reye's Syndrome?
Influenza
323
Which of the following transmits drug resistors?
Plasmids
324
Which of the following cause hookworm disease?
Necator americanus
325
Which of the following crosses the placenta and provides passive immunity to the fetus?
IgG
326
Which of the following work with T-Cells to recognize foreign antigens and stimulate antibody production?
Macrophages
327
Which of the following is not part of the U.S. Public Health Service?
CDC
328
Which of the following causes weight loss, abdominal pain, mucous diarrhea and lasts for more than 3 days?
Giardia Lamblia
329
Which of the following is TB in the spine?
Pott's
330
What is the envelope around the capsid derived from?
Host cell membrane [capsid is comprised of lipoproteins]
331
What si the primary site of campylobacteriasis?
Intestine
332
Which of the following causes a fungus ball in the lung?
Aspergillus
333
Where does the highest number of anaerobic bacterial growth occur in sewage treatment?
Sludge
334
Which of the following is associated with the causitive agent of mononucleosis?
Epstein Barr
335
Which of the following causes hemorrhagic jaundice?
Leptospira ictohemorrhagea
336
Which of the following is associated with encapsulated diplococcus?
Neisseria
337
Chlorinated hydrocarbons that enter the body through the bone can be most destructive to the ________
CNS
338
Which of the following water sources contain the most sulfur?
Rain water
339
What is the step subsequent to (after) flocculation in water treatment?
Sedimentation
340
What are the steps of water treatment in order?
Flocculation, Sedimentation, Filtration, Aeration
341
At what stage is backwashing used in drinking water treatment?
Filtration
342
Which of the following is present in significant amounts in ground water sources?
Radon
343
Which cells in plasma contain interleukin II?
T-lymphocytes
344
Where do malarial parasites reproduce?
Inside RBC's
345
Which of the following can activate C3?
Plasmin
346
Which of the following is found in the infective stage of Necator americanus?
Trophozoite
347
Which of the following is a result of phage induction in STaphylococcus?
Osteomyelitis
348
Respiratory syncytial virus is a major cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in which of the following?
INfants
349
What si the etiological agent of mononucleosis?
Epstein Barr
350
A patient from South America presents with coffee ground vomiting and severe nosebleeds. He relates a history of severe headaches for the past 4 days, jaundice, body aches, indomnia and nausea. The most likely diagnosis is what?
Yellow fever
351
Bacteria which grows at 55 degrees C or higher are _____
Thermophiles
352
Which of the following cause black subcutaneous nodules around the scalp?
Piedri hortae
353
What are the properties of Streptococcus as a result of lysogenic conversion?
Erythrogenic Toxin
354
Which federal agency regulates the management of hazardous waste?
EPA
355
WHich of the following mediate Type I hypersensitivity reactions?
IgE
356
Bacillus calmette gueron vaccine (BCG) provides immunity against which of the following?
TB
357
Which virus causes gengivostomatitis?
HSV-1
358
Which of the following is related to the transmission of Measles?
Inhalation
359
Which of the following causes purulent vaginal discharge and burning?
Neisseria gonorrhea
360
Which of the following causes cysticercosis?
Taenia solium
361
What is the most common cause of death in the US?
Heart disease
362
What would be the diagnosis for a child who presents with a rash around the buttocks due to a parasitic condition?
Enterobius vermicularis
363
What is the most common symptom of Cholera?
Rice Water stools
364
WHich of the following si the vector for western equine encephalitis?
Mosquito
365
A gray pseudomembrane in the back of the throat is associated with which of the following?
Diphtheria
366
Which of the following is characteristic of a pyogenic organism?
Pus formation
367
Which of the following is a pathogen found in contaminated water?
Leptospira interrogans
368
Fungi imperfecti are so named because of what reason?
No sexual spores
369
WHich of the following is a common characteristic of diphtheria?
Pharyngeal pseudomembrane
370
What is the primary pathological consequence of malaria?
Erythrocyte destruction
371
What is the primary allergen to which a child reacts in barley, rye and wheat?
Gluten
372
The toxoid for tetanus produces which of the following forms of immunity?
Artificial Active
373
The TB skin test represents which of the following responses?
Type IV delayed
374
Which of the following kills all microbes?
Autoclaving
375
Which of the following do mites transmit?
Scabies
376
What substance found in milk determines if pasteurization has been properly accomplished?
Phosphatase
377
Where does a mature tapeworm live?
Small intestine
378
What is the diagnosis for a person who just moved to Arizona and develops a dry cough associated with climatic conditions?
Coccidiomycosis
379
Which of the following passes through the placenta?
IgG
380
Which of the following is most prevalent?
IgG
381
Which of the following best describes the TB test?
Delayed Hypersensitivity
382
Which of the following supplies money to local doctors for research?
NIH
383
What is the stage of water purification that removes most of the bacteria?
Sedimentation
384
Which type of sterilization is most suited for instruments used in surgery?
Moist heat
385
What does an excessive amount of flouride in drinking water cause?
Mottled teeth
386
Which of the following is a fungus of the scalp?
Tinea Capitis
387
Which of the following is most dangerous to newborns?
Staph aureus
388
What is the most common way Legionnaire's disease is spread?
Respiratory droplets
389
Which of the following causes Chaga's disease?
Trypanosoma cruzi
390
A patient presents with normal body temperature, widespread muscle spasm and muscle guarding in the abdominal area. What do these symptoms suggest?
Botulism
391
Type IV delayed immunilogical reaction will affect which of hte following?
Lymphocytes
392
What do T-helper cells activate?
B-lymphocytes
393
What is the best test to perform to determine the pollution of water?
BOD (biological oxygen demand)
394
WHich of the following is an example of a Type I reaction?
Bronchial asthma
395
Which of the following is an immunoglobulin associated with Type I?
IgE
396
Which immunoglobulin is found in Gastric Mucosa?
IgA
397
Methyl gas causes cancer of the _____
Kidney
398
There is no vacine for which of the following?
Rhinovirus
399
Cook pork to avoid which of the following?
Trichinella spiralis
400
Antibodies respond to antigens via _____
B-Lymphocytes
401
Which immunoglobulin crosses the placenta?
IgG
402
Which immunoglobulin is involved in Type II hypersensitivity?
IgG and IgM
403
Which of the following has both endotoxin and exotoxin?
Shigella dysentery
404
Pink eye is associated with which of the following?
Haemophilus aegypticus
405
Which of the following is an air-borne carcinogen?
Benzopyrene
406
Which of the following is associated with infant botulism?
Raw Honey
407
Which disease has been eliminated from society?
Variolla
408
WHich of the following secrete histamine?
Basophiles
409
What is the result of warm moist heat on cell membranes?
Protein Denaturization
410
Which types of Hepatitis can you get from a blood transfusion?
Hepatitis B and C
411
Soap added to a sterilizing agent will do which of the following?
Increase the bacteriocidal potential
412
Who is considered to be the father of immunology?
Pasteur
413
Which of the following is associated with muscle spasms and calcification of skeletal muscle?
trichimonis spiralis
414
Which of the following produce the most circulating antibodies?
PLasma cells
415
Infant methemoglobinemia is due to which of the following?
Nitrate
416
Which of the following is a lung disease due to iron dust inhalation?
Siderosis
417
The most effective sterilization technique in a lab is _____
Autoclaving
418
Which of the following is an air pollutant that causes headaches and dizziness?
Carbon Monoxide
419
Contaminated milk transmits which of the following?
Q fever
420
Herpes simplex does not create which of the following?
Lifetime immunity
421
Flocculation is involved in which of the following?
Colloid aggregation during sewage treatment
422
Bladder infections are most commonly due to which of the following?
E. Coli
423
Opsonins, agglutinins, lysins, and precipitins are which of the following?
Antibodies
424
Which of the following diminishes riboflavin?
Milk left standing in light
425
Black death is due to which of the following?
Yersenia pestis
426
Which of the following can be found in unpasteurized milk?
Brucella abortis
427
Why are flu vaccines sometimes not effective?
Different strains
428
Why is a vaccine for the common cold not feasible?
The multiplicity of it
429
What type of organism uses molecular O2 as the final electron acceptor?
Obligate aerobe
430
An autotroph consumes which of the following?
Inorganic materials
431
Neisseria gonorrhea can be best identified in which of the following?
Thayer martin (Chocolate agar)
432
Childhood dysentery si due to which of the following?
Coxsackie virus
433
Safarin is used in which staining technique?
Gram stain
434
Herpes simplex produces a latent infection where?
Nervous system
435
What is the purpose of iodine use in gram staining?
Fixer (mordant)
436
A virus capsid is made up of which of hte following?
Protein
437
Which of the following are classified by their method of locomotion?
Protozoa
438
What is the test to determine whether or not complete pasteurization has been achieved?
Phosphatase test
439
Q fever is due to which of the following?
Coxiella burnetti
440
What is the name of the serology test for Rickettsia?
Weil felix
441
Histoplasma is a fungal infection that mimics which of the following?
TB
442
Bacterial cell walls are made up of ______
Proteoglycans
443
What is iodine used for in pre-op?
Disinfectant
444
Lymph node enlargement is not associated with ____
Cholera
445
The heaviest and largest immuniglobulin is ____
IgM
446
Microbial pollution is eliminated via which of the following?
Sand Filtration
447
Who discovered yellow fever?
Reed
448
CHymosis (bruising) is seen with which of the following?
Scurvy
449
Which of the following increases immunogenic sympathetic soluble thymogen?
Immunoglobulins
450
Which of the following can cross the placenta and affect the fetus?
Rubella
451
Exotoxins can act upon _____ cell walls
Phospholipid
452
WHich of the following contributes to environmental problems?
Automobiles
453
WHich of the following is an arbovirus?
Western equine encephalitis
454
Penicillin affects bacteria by interfering with synthesis of _____
Peptidoglycans
455
The kissing bug causes which of the following?
Chaga's disease
456
The state health department is responsible for maintaining which of the following?
Mortality rates
457
Where are nosocomial infections acquired?
Hospitals
458
Why is chlorine added to treates sewage?
To destroy residual microbes
459
Red spots on the face are associated with which of the following?
Cutaneous anthrax infection [wow can't imagine what the other choices were, fuckers]
460
Streptobacillus is the agent of which of the following?
Rat bite fever
461
The sedimentation stage of water purification removes most of the _____
bacteria
462
Anaphylaxis is associated with which of the following?
Type I hypersensitivity
463
Which of the following organisms oxidize inorganic matter for energy?
Autotrophs
464
Which of the following organisms require organic matter for energy
Heterotrophs
465
Which of the following use dead decaying matter for energy?
Saprophytes
466
Which of the following feed on living matter for energy?
Parasites
467
WHich of the following describes 2 populations living together in which one or both benefit?
Symbiosis
468
Which of the following describes 2 populations living together in which both benefit?
Mutualism
469
Which of the following describes 2 populations living together in which both benefit and both accomplish what neither can do alone?
Synergism
470
Which of the following describes 2 populations living together in which one benefits, and the other is unaffected?
Commensalism
471
Which of the following are tests for Syphilis?
- Darkfield
- Kahn
- Kline
- TPI
- VDRL
- Wasserman
472
Which of the following are tests for TB?
- Acid fast = Ziehl Nielson STain
- BCG = TB vaccine
- Mantoux Test
- Tine test
473
Which of the following are pasteurization methods?m
- Holding = 143F (62C) - 30 min
- Flash = 161F (72C) - 15 sec
- Ultrahigh = 193F (89C) - 3/4 sec
