microbiology midterm

Question 1

what does coagulase + refer to?

Answer 1

it’s to test for an enzyme

if the enzyme is there, it’s staph aureus

Question 2

which type of bacteria has an affinity for prosthetic devices?

Answer 2

staphylococcus epidermidis

Question 3

what is the 2nd most common cause of UTI in women?

Answer 3

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Question 4

what si the significance of a hemolytic reaction and lancfield group?

Answer 4

used to classify streptococci

Question 5

what causes scarlet fever?

Answer 5

streptococcus pyogenes

Question 6

what are virulence factors for streptococcus pyogenes?

Answer 6

Capsule
Frimbriae
FnBP
Exotoxins

Question 7

what is the shape, gram, & aero status of staph?

Answer 7

cocci, gram +, aerobic

Question 8

what is the shape, gram, & aero status of strep?

Answer 8

cocci, chains, gram +, aerotolerant

Question 9

what are the virulence factors of staph aureus?

Answer 9

Protein A
FnBP
superantigens: exfolitain, enterotoxins, TSST-1

Question 10

shape, classification of streptococcus pneumoniae?

Answer 10

diplococci, hemolytic alpha, no lancefield group

Question 11

what bacteria is in 25% of wome’s vaginas? why does this matter?

Answer 11

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B)
can cause pneumonia/sepsis in neonates in 1st week postpartum

Question 12

which bacteria is assoc with horses?

Answer 12

streptococci equi

Question 13

what is the shape, classification of group viridans streptococci?

Answer 13

spherical chains, hemolytic alpha, no lancefield group

Question 14

what are shape, gram status, virulence factor of enterobacteriaceae?

Answer 14

gram neg rod, virulence factor LPS

Question 15

what are the four cardinal characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae?

Answer 15

ferment glucose
reduce nitrates to nitrites
cytochrome oxidase neg
if flagella - peritrichous

Question 16

what’s the most common cause of UTI?

Answer 16

e.coli

Question 17

what disease is caaused by enterotoxigenic e.coli and what are its virulence factors?

Answer 17

travellers diarrhea, LT, STa, Stb

Question 18

what two types of bacteria cause infections where antibiotics are contaraindicated?

Answer 18

verotoxigenic e.coli

Salmonella enterica ssp. Enterica

Question 19

what is unique about shigella?

Answer 19

nonmotile, only takes a small amount of bacteria to inoculate

Question 20

what causes pseudoappendicitis?

Answer 20

Yersinia enterocolitica

Question 21

what bacteria is the plague?

Answer 21

Yersinia pestis

Question 22

what bacteria causes pneumonia in alcoholics?

Answer 22

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 23

what is the leading cause of nosocomial infections?

Answer 23

Serratia marcescens

*very antibiotic resistant

Question 24

what are the basics of nonfermenters?

Answer 24

gram neg rod

Question 25

which nonfermenter is cytochrome oxidase positive?

Answer 25

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 26

what are some shapre & gram status, virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Answer 26

gram neg rod, -toxins and virulence (lots)

Question 27

what causes glue ear?

Answer 27

pseudomonas aruginosa

Question 28

which bacteria is associated with CF camps?

Answer 28

Burkoldaria cepacia

Question 29

what are some notable diseases for anaerobes?

Answer 29

Diabetic foot ulcers, Gas gangrene Breast abcess

Question 30

describe Clostridium

Answer 30

gram + rod anaerobic spore forming

Question 31

which bacteria is associated with gas gangrene?

Answer 31

Clostridium perfringens

Question 32

what are the two exotoxins assoc with c diff?

Answer 32

A & B

Question 33

what is Bacteroides fragilis

Answer 33

gram - rod anaerobe that produces beta lactamase

Question 34

which bacteria is assoc with cheese?

Answer 34

Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp shermanii

Question 35

describe basics of neisseria?

Answer 35

gram neg diplococci | Intracellular

Question 36

what are virulence factors of neisseria gonorrhoeae?

Answer 36

``` Porin protein A OPA proteins Rmp protein LOS pili protein ```

Question 37

some defining features of pseudomonas aruginosa?

Answer 37

- Capsule - Polar Flagella - blue pigment - very antibiotic resistant

Question 38

what are some special features of neisseria?

Answer 38

Doesn’t tolerate desiccation or cold Cytochrome oxidase positive Oxidizes glucose, but not maltose nor lactose

Question 39

some strains cause this bacteria to produce blood red pigment

Answer 39

Serratia marcescens

Question 40

what test is used for nonfermenters?

Answer 40

failure to acidify the butt of Kligler's Iron Agar (KIA) or Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSI),

Question 41

what's the assoc b/w nonfermenters and antibiotics?

Answer 41

-Very antibiotic resistant | longer courses of antibiotics

Question 42

what are examples of nonfermenters?

Answer 42

pseudomonas aruginosa

Question 43

what causes syphilis?

Answer 43

Treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum