Microbiology of the eye

Question 1

Which organisms can cause bacterial conjunctivitis in the neonate?

Answer 1

Staph. aureus

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 2

Which organism can cause bacterial conjunctivitis particularly in children?

Answer 2

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 3

Which organisms cause bacterial conjunctivitis (all ages but neonate)?

Answer 3

Staph aureus

Strep pneumoniae

Question 4

How is bacterial conjunctivitis treated?

Answer 4

Swab

Topical chloramphenicol drops 4x daily

Question 5

When should use of topical chloramphenicol be avoided?

Answer 5

History of aplastic anaemia

Chloramphenicol allergy

Question 6

What is the diagnosis here?

Answer 6

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Question 7

What organism is a common contaminant of eye drop bottles?

Answer 7

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 8

Which organisms cause bacterial conjunctivitis in contact lens wearers?

Answer 8

Acanthamoeba

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 9

What are the causative organsims of viral conjunctivitis?

Answer 9

Adenovirus

Herpes simplex

Herpes zoster

Question 10

What is the diagnosis here?

Answer 10

Viral conjunctivitis caused by herpes simplex

Question 11

What is the diagnosis here?

Answer 11

Herpes zoster opthalmicus

Question 12

When should chlamydial conjunctivits be suspected?

Answer 12

Young adult/teen

Chronic history
Unresponsive to treatment

Bilateral

Symtpoms of urethritis or vaginitis

Question 13

What is keratitis?

Answer 13

Inflammation of the cornea

Question 14

What is a hypopyon?

Answer 14

Pus in the anterior chamber of the eye

Question 15

Which patients is development of bacterial keratitis associated with?

Answer 15

Patients with existing corneal pathology

Contact lens wearers

Question 16

Which viruses can cause keratitis?

Answer 16

Herpes

Adenovirus

Question 17

What is the risk of treating herpetic keratitis with steroids?

Answer 17

Can cause corneal melt and perforation of the cornea

Question 18

What is the diagnosis here?

Answer 18

Dendritic ulcer caused by herpetic keratitis

Question 19

What is the lesion here and what is the diagnosis?

Answer 19

Hypopyon in bacterial keratits

Question 20

What is the usual causative organism in bilateral keratitis?

Answer 20

Adenovirus

Question 21

What illness does adenoviral keratitis usually follow?

Answer 21

URTI

Question 22

What is the treatment for adenoviral keratitis?

Answer 22

Topical antibiotics

Steriods if becomes chronic

Question 23

Which eye infection are subepithelial infiltrates associated with?

Answer 23

Adenoviral keratitis

Question 24

What can cause fungal keratitis?

Answer 24

Trauma from vegetation

Question 25

A patient presents to you with this painful eye, worsening on eye movement. You notice proptosis. He has a fever. What is the diagnosis?

Answer 25

Orbital cellulitis

Question 26

How is orbital cellulitis treated?

Answer 26

Referred to ENT & opthalmology CT scan for abscesses Drain any abscesses Broad spectrum antibiotics

Question 27

What are the causative organisms in orbital cellulitis?

Answer 27

Staphylococci Streptococci Coliforms Haemophilus influenzae anaerobes

Question 28

What is endopthalmitis?

Answer 28

A devastating infection of the inside of the eye

Question 29

What is the most common causative organism of enopthalmitis?

Answer 29

Staph. epidermidis

Question 30

How can a patient get endopthalmitis?

Answer 30

Post-surgical Trauma Endogenous

Question 31

What is the treatment for endopthalmitis?

Answer 31

Intravitreal amikacin and vancomycin and topical antibiotics

Question 32

What is chorioretinitis?

Answer 32

Inflammation of the choroid and retina

Question 33

What is a protozoan cause of chorioretinitis?

Answer 33

Toxoplasmosis gondii

Question 34

What are some of the symtpoms of infection with toxoplasmosis gondii?

Answer 34

Flu-like symtpoms Causes cyst formation in immunocompromised

Question 35

Which parasite can cause chorioretinitis?

Answer 35

Toxocara canis, a parasitic nemotode (roundworm)

Question 36

How can toxocara cause visual loss?

Answer 36

Although parasite cannot replicate in humans and remains in larvae form it can form granulomas

Question 37

What is the treatment for chlamydial conjunctivitis?

Answer 37

Topical oxytetracycline

Question 38

How is bacterial keratitis diagnosed?

Answer 38

Corneal scrape

Question 39

What is the treatment for bacterial keratitis?

Answer 39

4-quinolone (ofloxacin) except pseudomonas aeruginosa Gentamicin and cefuroxime

Question 40

What is the treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 40

Chloramphenicol except pseudomonas aureginosa Then - gentamicin