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Microbiology > Microbiology Types of Infection > Flashcards

Microbiology Types of Infection Flashcards

1
Q

INFECTION

A

– entry establishment and multiplication of pathogenic organisms within a host

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2
Q

CONTAMINATION

A

– the act of introducing disease germs or infectious material into an area or substance

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3
Q

PATHOGENICITY

A

– state of producing or being able to produce pathological changes and disease, 87% of the know MO are non-pathogenic to man 

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4
Q

VIRULENCE

A

– relative power of organism to produce disease (no scale, use adjectives to describe strength) likelihood of MO to cause infection in man 

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5
Q

ATTENUATION

A

– dilution or weakening of the virulence of an organism. This will reduce or destroy its pathogenicity

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6
Q

INDEIGENOUS FLORA (normal flora)

A

– Mo that live in or on a host in a healthy condition

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7
Q

DRUG FAST

A

– being resistant, as in bacteria to the action of drug or drugs (i.e. – MRSA is amoxicillin resistant)

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8
Q

PATHOGEN

A

– any MO that cause disease in man

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9
Q

NON PATHOGEN

A

– does NOT cause disease in man

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10
Q

OPPORTUNIST

A

– Mo that produce infection only under especially favorable conditions. They wait for the right opportunity

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11
Q

STRICT (OBLIGATE OR TRUE) PATHOGEN

A

– Mo that will cause an infection in man EVERY time that a person is exposed to them. Never a part of one’s normal flora

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12
Q

EXOGENOUS

A

– infection in which the causative agent comes from outside the body

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13
Q

ENDOGENEOUS

A

– infection which is caused by MO which are normally present within the body

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14
Q

ACUTE

A

– infection of sudden onset and short duration (i.e. – MI, meningococcemia)

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15
Q

CHRONIC

A

– infection of slow onset and long duration (i.e. – Creutzfeldt-Jacob/CJ, Alzheimers, Varicella/Chicken pox, Zoster/Shingles)

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16
Q

COMMUNICABLE

A

– infection capable of being transmitted either directly or indirectly from host to host

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17
Q

CONTAGIOUS

A

– means HIGHLY communicable

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18
Q

ENDEMIC

A

– an infection constantly present to a greater or lesser degree in a community (i.e. – cold, flu)

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19
Q

EPIDEMIC

A

– infection which attacks a large number of people in a community in a short period of time (i.e. – H1N1)

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20
Q

PANDEMIC

A

– worldwide epidemic, an infection which becomes an epidemic in a number of countries at the same time (i.e. – in 1919 twenty million die from flu)

21
Q

SPORADIC

A

– infection which occurs only occasionally in a community (i.e. – 1976 legionnaires disease, 4 Corners Region Disease/Hantavirus)

22
Q

PRIMARY

A

– the initial (first) infection of a mixed infection

23
Q

MIXED

A

– any infection caused by two or more organisms; 2 or more infections occurring at the same time

24
Q

SECONDARY

A

– second and generally more complicating infection in a mixed infection

25
Q

LOCAL

A

– an infection in which the pathogenic organisms remain confined to a particular area (i.e. abscessed tooth)

26
Q

FOCAL

A

– infection confined to a particular area, but from which the bacteria spread to other parts of the body

27
Q

GENERAL

A

– infection throughout, spread generally over the body by the bloodstream or lymphatic system (i.e. – septicemia, sepsis)

28
Q

BACTEREMIA

A

– a condition in which bacteria are in the bloodstream but are not multiplying there (usually last 30 minutes; precursor condition to sepsis)

29
Q

SEPTICEMIA (sepsis)

A

– invasion of the bloodstream by pathogenic organisms with their subsequent multiplication therein (i.e. – blood poisoning)

30
Q

TOXEMIA

A

– the presence of toxins (poisonous substances) in the blood

31
Q

TERMINAL

A

– infection which occurs during the course of a chronic disease and causes death

32
Q

CONTAMINATION

A

– presence of infectious material, without a reaction necessarily being produced. This term can also refer to inanimate objects (i.e. – fomite or inanimate object)

33
Q

INFESTATION

A

– invasion of the body by macroscopic parasites, or those able to be seen with unaided eye (i.e. – maggots)

34
Q

VIRULENCE

A

– the ability of a MO to produce disease. ATTENUATION or [toxoid-take poisonous substances from organism & modify in lab setting] implies a weakening or reduction in the virulence of a MO; relative degree that organism will cause (i.e. – DPT or Toxoid)

35
Q

ZOONOTIC

A

– diseases caused by infectious agents that can be transmitted between (or are shared by) animals and humans (i.e. encephalitis/migratory birds-primary host & horses-immediate host; malaria/anopheles/monkey-primary host; Culex/SLE/EEE/WEE)

36
Q

NOSOCOMIAL

A

– a hospital acquired infection, one obtained while in hospital (i.e. - staph from staff hygiene)

37
Q

PYEMIA

A

– literally pus in the blood, a form of septicemia caused by cryogenic (puss-forming) bacteria (i.e. – staph or strep)

38
Q

PYREMIA

A
  • an infection which causes a fever (elevated temperature)
39
Q

FULMINATING

A

– a sudden severe and overwhelming infection (i.e. – spinal meningitis)

40
Q

GENERALIZED

A

– infection throughout the body, having been spread by the bloodstream or lymphatic system (i.e. – septicemia)

41
Q

LATENT

A

– a seemingly inactive infection it is apparently held in check by the body’s defenses, but may spread when the body’s resistance is reduced (i.e. – herpes simplex 1 (cold sores) or syphilis-stage disease, caused spiral shape bacteria, stage 1-shanker)

42
Q

INAPPARENT

A

– an infection in which the clinical symptoms are not recognized or immediately detectable (i.e. – TB aka Great Imitator in adults most common: pulmonary TB)

43
Q

TYPICAL

A

– an infection in which all the symptoms are easily recognized (i.e. – rubella (German measles) or mumps)

44
Q

ATYPICAL

A

– an infection in which all the symptoms are not easily recognizable, meaning that it could be confused with another infection (i.e. – TB)

45
Q

PATHOGENS

A

– Any microorganism that causes disease in man. A non-pathogen does not cause disease in man.

46
Q

TYPES OF PATHOGENS

A

NORMAL FLORA
OPPORTUNISTS
STRICT (OBLIGATE) PATHOGENS

47
Q

NORMAL FLORA

A

– Microorganisms that live and grow in and on the human body. Most are non-pathogens.

48
Q

OPPORTUNISTS

A

– Microorganism that produce infection only under especially favorable conditions, that is, they await the right opportunity to cause infection. Pathogens contained in a person’s normal flora are usually opportunists since they alone cannot penetrate unbroken skin.

49
Q

STRICT (OBLIGATE) PATHOGENS

A

– Microorganism that will cause an infection in man every time that a person is exposed to them. They are never a part of one’s normal flora.

Microbiology (7 decks)

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