Microbiology: Virus Flashcards
(25 cards)
What properties indicates “life” in virus?
- Reproduce
- Have DNA/RNA
- Contains Proteins
- Affect living cells
What properties doesn’t indicate “life” in virus?
- noncellular
- Do not respire
- Does not eat, grow,or waste
What are the basic structure of virus?
A strand of DNA/RNA and a shell made of protein called CAPSID.
What are the basic shapes of virus?
Bacterial Phage
Adenovirus
Rod-shaped
What are vaccines? How does it work?
A material containing the protein from the pathogen.
It cause the immune system to recognize it and produce antibodies for it.
What diseases are caused by virus?
Chicken pox, measles, mumps, smallpox, influenza colds, Hepatitis, HIV and some cancers.
What is the Lytic cycle?
1)Virus injects DNA into a host cell.
Takes over the host’s nucleus,
and forces the host cell to manufacture the virus parts.
2)It keeps replicate until the host cell cannot hold the parts anymore. Causes the cell to lyse/burst.
3)Viruses are released to infect other cells.
4)Repeat.
What is the Latent Cycle.
1) Virus injects DNA.
2) The viral DNA fuses with the host cell DNA, and stays.
3) When the cell undergoes mitosis, it copies the viral DNA.
4) It can be hidden within years, until triggered.
5) All the cells that are infected with the viral DNA will go through the Lytic Cycle together.
How some types of cancer can be triggered by Virus.
The viral DNA changes the host cell by inserting itself in the genes controlling cell growth and division. The cell will be forced to divide and grow uncontrollably which forms a tumor.
What are viroids?
Viroids are short single strand of RNA with no capsid. Viroids interferes with normal cell functions and causes the production of new viroid strand using the host cell enzymes.
What are Prions?
Prion is a glycoprotein. That is capable of self replication in some mammalian cells. Scrapie and kuru are degenerative nerve disease caused by prions.
Why is Virus an obligatory intracellular parasites?
It means that they absolutely requires host cells to reproduce.
What does Viral Specify property states?
A virus can only attach & reproduce within a single species of plant/animal/bacteria.
How do immunity develop?
The cell gains the capacity to recognize and destroy the virus in the future.
What are Antigens?
Proteins or polysaccharide found on a viral capsid which marks the virus.
What are Phagocytotic cells?
Cell-eating cells ingest viruses and infected cells.
Ex. Lymphocytes (white blood cells)
How do the antibodies function?
Defensive proteins, bond to foreign antigens and agglutinate which immobile the virus.
Ways to reduce the spread of viral diseases.
Vaccinate
Use mosquito repellant
Isolate yourself
Hygiene
Which disease does HIV cause?
AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
Which disease does Coronavirus cause?
SARS/cold
Which disease does Influenza virus cause?
The flu
Which disease does Rhinovirus cause?
The common cold
Which disease does Herpesvirus cause?
Chicken pox, shingles, cold sores.
What is the purpose of glycoprotein spike on some enveloped viruses.
To attach to the cell’s plasma membrane.
