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EXCI 445 FINAL EXAM > Micronutrients > Flashcards

Micronutrients Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Glossitis is a deficiency of

A

Riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), biotin, vit B6, vit B12, folate, iron, zinc and even drug-nutrient interactions

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2
Q

Pallor is a deficiency of

A

iron, folate, copper, biotin, vit B12

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3
Q

Vitamins contain what vs. minerals?

A

Vitamins contain C, H, O and also can contain N and metal irons like copper or sulfer.

Minerals: No C

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4
Q

of vitamins identified vs. minerals identified

A

Vitamins: 13

Minerals: 20

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5
Q

Vitamins vs. minerals: do they take up mass?

A

Vitamins: take no part in body mass

Minerals: make up some mass

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6
Q

Which are structural: vitamins or minerals?

A

minerals:

calcium, phosphorus, fluorine are structural for bones and teeth

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7
Q

Fat-soluble vitamins

A

A, D,E,K

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8
Q

Water-soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin C, B-complex vitamins, biotin.

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9
Q

Which are stored: fat-soluble or water-soluble?

A

fat-soluble vitamins are stored in fat, cell membranes, liver

water-soluble vitamins are not stored, EXCEPT FOR B12

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10
Q

Fat-soluble vs water soluble: is daily intake required?

A

Fat-soluble: daily intake not required because some storage

Water-soluble: voided in urine therefore daily intake is required

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11
Q

Fat-soluble vs water soluble: are they required from the diet?

A

Fat-soluble: can get from diet but also sun (D) and bacteria (K)

Water-soluble: yes

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12
Q

Major role of Vitamin A

A

maintains epithelial tissues in skin, mucous membranes and visual pigments of eye: promotes bone development and immune function

  • acts on gene expression, cell differentiation and division
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13
Q

Vitamin A deficiencies

A

Affects: reproduction, epithelial tissues such as skin and eyes, bone development, mucous secretion and immune function.

Skin: Follicular hyperkeratosis - immature skin cells do not mature and are unable to secrete protective mucous. (they secrete keratin and become hard, dry epithelial cells)

Eyes: bitot’s spot, ulcer xerosis, keratomalacia and corneal scar

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14
Q

Vitamin D major role

A

increases calcium absorption in gut and promotes bone formation

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15
Q

Vitamin D deficiency

A

weak bones (rickets or osteomalacia)

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16
Q

Vitamin D in excess (NOT FROM SUN)

A 
} Nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting
}  Hypercalcemia (chronic high calcium in blood)
}  Calcification of soft tissues: kidney, blood vessels, etc. 
}  Joint pain
}  Muscular weakness
}  Heart arrhythmias
}  Depressed nervous system 
}  Constipation
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17
Q

Vitamin E major role

A

defends against free radicals, protects cell membranes

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18
Q

Vitamin E deficiency

A

in book: hemolysis and anemia

in slides: cell membrane damage, cause a lack of energy with decreased physical functioning. Muscle weakness, loss of motor coordination, and anemia

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19
Q

Vitamin E excess

A

in book: headache, fatigue, diarrhea

in slides: affects vitamin K’s blood clotting function. Excess bleeding (risk hemorhagic stroke), easy bruising

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20
Q

Vitamin A excess

A

headache, nausea, fatigue, liver damage, joint pain, peeling skin, abnormal fetal development in pregnancy

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21
Q

Vitamin K major role

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A

forms blood clotting factors

  • gut bacteria can synthesize
  • adds sugars to proteins
22
Q

Vitamin K deficiency

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A

severe bleeding and hemorrhage

23
Q

Vitamin K excess

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A

clotting thrombosis

24
Q

Which fat-soluble vitamin for fish?

25
Which fat-soluble vitamin for dairy?
A and D
26
Which fat-soluble vitamin for green leafy vegetables?
A and K
27
General deficiencies with water-soluble vitamins
premature fatigue, unable to maintain heavy training, slow wound healing
28
Vitamin C major role
antioxidant wound healing cartilage and connective tissue formation
29
Vitamin C in excess
diarrhea, urinary stone formation/kidney stones, impaired copper absorption
30
Vitamin C deficiency
``` scurvy slow wound healing infections bleeding gums weakness ```
31
Thiamin (B1) major role
forms coenzyme with thiamine pyrophosphate; promotes carb metabolism and central nervous system function
32
Thiamin (B1) deficiency
loss of appetite, apathy, depression, beriberi, pain in calves
33
Niacin (B3) deficiency
Glossitis, angular cheliosis Pellagra - 4 ‘D’s: Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia and Death Potential causes: alcoholism, protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)
34
Niacin (B3) excess
10x RDA – skin flushing around face and neck (also burning and tingling)
35
Major minerals
calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, chloride, potassium, sulfur
36
trace minerals
iron, zinc, chromium, fluoride, copper, cobalt, manganese, iodine, molybdenum, selenium, arsenic, boron, nickel and silicon
37
Major role of calcium
bone and teeth muscle contraction
38
Major role of Chlorine
promotes nerve impulse conduction and HCl formation in stomach
39
Major role of Mg
bone component
40
Major role of potassium
promotes Membrane potential, nerve impulse generation, muscle contraction
41
Major role of phosphorus
Promotes bone formation; buffer in muscle contraction
42
Major role of sodium
promotes bone formation, buffer in muscle contraction
43
Major role of sulfur
acid base balance, liver function
44
Major role of cobalt
forms component of B12 needed for RBC development
45
Major role of copper
promotes normal iron absorption
46
Major role of fluorine
bone and teeth formation
47
Major role of iodine
Forms component of thyroid hormone T3 and T4
48
Major role of iron
transports oxygen
49
Major role of manganese
bone formation
50
Major role of selenium
forms cofactor with glutathione peroxidase
51
Major role of zinc
promotes protein synthesis, antioxidant activity
52
Micronutrients that function as building blocks of tissues (bones and teeth)
calcium, Mg, phosphorus, fluorine, vitamin D, vitamin K, vitamin C

EXCI 445 FINAL EXAM (2 decks)

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