Micronutrients - Vitamins

Question 1

What are the forms of Vitamin K?

Answer 1

K1 - phylloquinone - plant sources
K2 - menaquinone - synthesized in the gut
K2 - menadione - synthetic

Question 2

Functions of vitamin K in the body?

Answer 2

Coagulation, bone mineralization, cell growth, cofactor for carboxylation of glutamic acid.

Question 3

Where is vitamin K absorbed?

Answer 3

Small intestines

Question 4

What component is required for absorption of vitamin K?

Answer 4

Bile Salts

Question 5

After absorption, where does vitamin K go?

Answer 5

Incorporated into chylomicrons, secreted into the lymphatic capillaries, transported to the liver, and repackaged into very-low-density lipoproteins.

Question 6

Is vitamin K stored in the body?

Answer 6

Very little amounts

Question 7

Where is vitamin K stored?

Answer 7

Liver and fat - but very little

Question 8

How is vitamin K excreted?

Answer 8

Feces via bile

Question 9

Nutrient partners that help with absoptoin of vitmain K?

Answer 9

Fat

Question 10

Adults RDA of vitamin K?

Answer 10

Males - 120 mcg; Females - 90 mcg

Question 11

Top Ten Food Sources of Vitamin K?

Answer 11

1. Kale - 544 mcg per cooked cup - 453% of RDA
2. Broccoli - 220 mcg per cooked cup - 183%
3. Brussel Sprouts - 219 mcg per cooked cup - 182%
4. Cabbage - 163 mcg per cooked cup - 136%
5. Pickeled Cucumbers - 130 mcg per cup - 109%
6. Asparagus - 91 mcg per cup - 76%
7. Kiwi - 73 mcg per cup - 76%
8. Okra - 64 mcg per cup - 53%
9. Green Beans - 60 mcg per cooked cup - 50%
10. Lettuce - 556 mcg per cup - 47%

Question 12

Supplemental forms and dosage of vitamin K?

Answer 12

Phylloquinone - 25-100 mcg

Menaquinone-4 - 25-100 mcg

Question 13

Symptoms of vitamin K deficiency?

Answer 13

Easy bruising and bleeding, blood in urine and stool, tarry black stools, bleeding gums, heavy menstural bleeding.

Question 14

Methods of lab testing for vitamin K?

Answer 14

Prothrombin Time - normal 11 to 14 seconds

Plasma serum phylloquinone (reflects last 24 hours) - <0.5 mcg/L = deficient

Question 15

Drug-Nutrient Interactions of Vitamin K?

Answer 15

Vitmain K antagonists - warfarin
Large doses of vitamin A and E
Prolonged broad spectrum antibiotics can interfere with synthesis in the gut

Question 16

Is vitamin C fat or water soluble?

Answer 16

Water

Question 17

Functions of Vitamin C in the body?

Answer 17

Improves absorption of nonheme iron, collogen synthesis, repairs cartilage, bones, and teeth, neurotransmitter synthesis, antioxidant, anti-histamine, strengthens immunity, aids in healing, aids in protein metabolism.

Question 18

Is vitamin C stored in the body?

Answer 18

No

Question 19

How is vitamin C excreted?

Answer 19

Urine

Question 20

Nutrient partners of vitamin C?

Answer 20

L-Carnitine, bioflavonoids

Question 21

Nutrient inhibitors of Vitamin C absorption?

Answer 21

Toxins, tobacco, oxidants, asprin, caffiene, diuretics, cortisone, stress, inflammation

Question 22

Adult RDA of vitamin C?

Answer 22

Males - 90 mg; Females - 75 mg

Question 23

Top 10 Food Sources of Vitamin C?

Answer 23

1. Guava - 377 mg per cup - 419% of RDA
2. Kiwi - 167 mg per cup - 185%
3. Bell Peppers - 152 mg per cup - 169%
4. Strawberry - 98 mg per cup - 108%
5. Oranges - 96mg per cup - 106%
6. Papaya - 88 mg per cup - 98%
7. Broccoli - 81 mg per cup - 90%
8. Tomato - 55 mg per cup - 61%
9. Snow Peas - 38 mg per cup - 42%
10. Kale - 23 mg per cup - 26%

Question 24

Supplemental forms of vitamin C?

Answer 24

Ascrobic acid, buffered, ester

Question 25

Drug-nutrient interactions of vitamin C supplements?

Answer 25

High intake of vitamin C inhibits copper absorption. Vitamin C may decrease availability of selenium. Aluminum absorption may increase.

Question 26

Name of vitamin C deficiency?

Answer 26

Scurvy

Question 27

Signs of vitamin C deficinecy?

Answer 27

Anemia, bruising, slow bone healing, joint pain, depression, anxiety, cataracts, gingivitis

Question 28

Signs of excess vitamin C?

Answer 28

Diarrhea, gas, kidney stones, Cu deficiency

Question 29

Is there a toxicity condition with vitamin C?

Answer 29

No

Question 30

Methods of lab testing for vitamin C?

Answer 30

Plasma/serum vitamin C - (deficient <0.2 mg/dL; normal 1.0 mg/dL0 WBC Vitamin C - deficient less than or equal to 10mg/108

Question 31

Drug-Nutrient interactions of vitamin C?

Answer 31

Aluminum containg agents, anesthetic agents, antipsychotics, aspirin, contraceptives with estrogen, glucoriticoids, Indinavir, Interlukin - 2, opiod narcotics, propanol, Teracyclines, Warfarin