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CNS Study Guide > Micronutrients - Vitamins > Flashcards

Micronutrients - Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What are the forms of Vitamin K?

A

K1 - phylloquinone - plant sources
K2 - menaquinone - synthesized in the gut
K2 - menadione - synthetic

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2
Q

Functions of vitamin K in the body?

A

Coagulation, bone mineralization, cell growth, cofactor for carboxylation of glutamic acid.

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3
Q

Where is vitamin K absorbed?

A

Small intestines

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4
Q

What component is required for absorption of vitamin K?

A

Bile Salts

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5
Q

After absorption, where does vitamin K go?

A

Incorporated into chylomicrons, secreted into the lymphatic capillaries, transported to the liver, and repackaged into very-low-density lipoproteins.

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6
Q

Is vitamin K stored in the body?

A

Very little amounts

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7
Q

Where is vitamin K stored?

A

Liver and fat - but very little

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8
Q

How is vitamin K excreted?

A

Feces via bile

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9
Q

Nutrient partners that help with absoptoin of vitmain K?

A

Fat

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10
Q

Adults RDA of vitamin K?

A

Males - 120 mcg; Females - 90 mcg

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11
Q

Top Ten Food Sources of Vitamin K?

A
  1. Kale - 544 mcg per cooked cup - 453% of RDA
  2. Broccoli - 220 mcg per cooked cup - 183%
  3. Brussel Sprouts - 219 mcg per cooked cup - 182%
  4. Cabbage - 163 mcg per cooked cup - 136%
  5. Pickeled Cucumbers - 130 mcg per cup - 109%
  6. Asparagus - 91 mcg per cup - 76%
  7. Kiwi - 73 mcg per cup - 76%
  8. Okra - 64 mcg per cup - 53%
  9. Green Beans - 60 mcg per cooked cup - 50%
  10. Lettuce - 556 mcg per cup - 47%
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12
Q

Supplemental forms and dosage of vitamin K?

A

Phylloquinone - 25-100 mcg

Menaquinone-4 - 25-100 mcg

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13
Q

Symptoms of vitamin K deficiency?

A

Easy bruising and bleeding, blood in urine and stool, tarry black stools, bleeding gums, heavy menstural bleeding.

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14
Q

Methods of lab testing for vitamin K?

A

Prothrombin Time - normal 11 to 14 seconds

Plasma serum phylloquinone (reflects last 24 hours) - <0.5 mcg/L = deficient

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15
Q

Drug-Nutrient Interactions of Vitamin K?

A

Vitmain K antagonists - warfarin
Large doses of vitamin A and E
Prolonged broad spectrum antibiotics can interfere with synthesis in the gut

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16
Q

Is vitamin C fat or water soluble?

A

Water

17
Q

Functions of Vitamin C in the body?

A

Improves absorption of nonheme iron, collogen synthesis, repairs cartilage, bones, and teeth, neurotransmitter synthesis, antioxidant, anti-histamine, strengthens immunity, aids in healing, aids in protein metabolism.

18
Q

Is vitamin C stored in the body?

A

No

19
Q

How is vitamin C excreted?

A

Urine

20
Q

Nutrient partners of vitamin C?

A

L-Carnitine, bioflavonoids

21
Q

Nutrient inhibitors of Vitamin C absorption?

A

Toxins, tobacco, oxidants, asprin, caffiene, diuretics, cortisone, stress, inflammation

22
Q

Adult RDA of vitamin C?

A

Males - 90 mg; Females - 75 mg

23
Q

Top 10 Food Sources of Vitamin C?

A
  1. Guava - 377 mg per cup - 419% of RDA
  2. Kiwi - 167 mg per cup - 185%
  3. Bell Peppers - 152 mg per cup - 169%
  4. Strawberry - 98 mg per cup - 108%
  5. Oranges - 96mg per cup - 106%
  6. Papaya - 88 mg per cup - 98%
  7. Broccoli - 81 mg per cup - 90%
  8. Tomato - 55 mg per cup - 61%
  9. Snow Peas - 38 mg per cup - 42%
  10. Kale - 23 mg per cup - 26%
24
Q

Supplemental forms of vitamin C?

A

Ascrobic acid, buffered, ester

25
Q

Drug-nutrient interactions of vitamin C supplements?

A

High intake of vitamin C inhibits copper absorption. Vitamin C may decrease availability of selenium. Aluminum absorption may increase.

26
Q

Name of vitamin C deficiency?

A

Scurvy

27
Q

Signs of vitamin C deficinecy?

A

Anemia, bruising, slow bone healing, joint pain, depression, anxiety, cataracts, gingivitis

28
Q

Signs of excess vitamin C?

A

Diarrhea, gas, kidney stones, Cu deficiency

29
Q

Is there a toxicity condition with vitamin C?

A

No

30
Q

Methods of lab testing for vitamin C?

A

Plasma/serum vitamin C - (deficient <0.2 mg/dL; normal 1.0 mg/dL0
WBC Vitamin C - deficient less than or equal to 10mg/108

31
Q

Drug-Nutrient interactions of vitamin C?

A

Aluminum containg agents, anesthetic agents, antipsychotics, aspirin, contraceptives with estrogen, glucoriticoids, Indinavir, Interlukin - 2, opiod narcotics, propanol, Teracyclines, Warfarin

CNS Study Guide (5 decks)

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