Microorganisms

Question 1

What is a microorganism?

Answer 1

A microorganism is a microscopic organism, which may exist in unicellular or multicellular forms.

Question 2

True or False: All microorganisms are harmful to humans.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Name the four main types of microorganisms.

Answer 3

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: Bacteria are classified as _______.

Answer 4

prokaryotes

Question 5

What is the primary role of fungi in ecosystems?

Answer 5

Decomposition and nutrient cycling.

Question 6

Which microorganism is known for its ability to photosynthesize?

Answer 6

Certain bacteria and algae.

Question 7

What is the term for a virus that infects bacteria?

Answer 7

Bacteriophage

Question 8

True or False: All viruses contain DNA.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What is the process by which bacteria reproduce?

Answer 9

Binary fission.

Question 10

Which type of microorganism can form spores?

Answer 10

Fungi and some bacteria.

Question 11

What is the significance of the microbiome in humans?

Answer 11

It helps in digestion, immune function, and protection against pathogens.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: Protozoa are primarily _______.

Answer 12

unicellular

Question 13

What type of microorganism is used in fermentation?

Answer 13

Yeast (a type of fungus).

Question 14

True or False: Microorganisms can only be seen with the naked eye.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

What is antibiotic resistance?

Answer 15

The ability of bacteria to survive and grow in the presence of antibiotics.

Question 16

Name one beneficial use of microorganisms in industry.

Answer 16

Production of antibiotics or enzymes.

Question 17

What are extremophiles?

Answer 17

Microorganisms that thrive in extreme environmental conditions.

Question 18

Fill in the blank: Viruses are not considered _______ because they cannot reproduce independently.

Answer 18

living organisms

Question 19

What is the primary component of bacterial cell walls?

Answer 19

Peptidoglycan.

Question 20

Which microorganism is most commonly associated with food spoilage?

Answer 20

Molds (fungi).

Question 21

True or False: All fungi are multicellular.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 22

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do.

Question 23

Name a disease caused by a virus.

Answer 23

Influenza.

Question 24

What is the role of decomposers in the ecosystem?

Answer 24

They break down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: The study of microorganisms is called _______.

Answer 25

Microbiology

Question 26

What type of microorganism can be classified as autotrophic?

Answer 26

Certain bacteria and algae.

Question 27

True or False: Microorganisms can be found in extreme environments such as hot springs and deep-sea vents.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What is a pathogen?

Answer 28

A microorganism that causes disease.

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The process by which microorganisms convert sugars into alcohol is called _______.

Answer 29

Fermentation

Question 30

Name one method of controlling microbial growth.

Answer 30

Sterilization.

Question 31

What is the main function of the immune system in relation to microorganisms?

Answer 31

To recognize and eliminate pathogens.

Question 32

True or False: All protozoa are harmful to humans.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

What is a vaccine?

Answer 33

A biological preparation that provides immunity to a particular disease.

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The majority of microorganisms are _______ to human health.

Answer 34

beneficial

Question 35

What is the significance of nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

Answer 35

They convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by plants.

Question 36

Name a common method for observing microorganisms.

Answer 36

Microscopy.

Question 37

What is the role of antibiotics?

Answer 37

To kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.

Question 38

Fill in the blank: Mycology is the study of _______.

Answer 38

fungi

Question 39

What are biofilms?

Answer 39

Complex communities of microorganisms adhering to surfaces.

Question 40

True or False: Viruses can infect any type of cell.

Answer 40

False

Question 41

What is the difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?

Answer 41

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer, whereas gram-negative bacteria have a thin layer and an outer membrane.

Question 42

Fill in the blank: The process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia is called _______.

Answer 42

Nitrogen fixation

Question 43

What is a common characteristic of fungi?

Answer 43

They absorb nutrients from their environment.

Question 44

True or False: All microorganisms can cause disease.

Answer 44

False

Question 45

What is an example of a protozoan disease?

Answer 45

Malaria.

Question 46

Fill in the blank: The enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide in some bacteria is called _______.

Answer 46

Catalase

Question 47

What is the term for the genetic material of a virus?

Answer 47

Viral genome.