Microorganisms and drugs

Question 1

Cause of pneumonia: strep pneumoniae

Answer 1

Typical gram positive

Question 2

Staphylococcal aureus is a typical or atypical cause of pneumonia

Answer 2

Typical, gram positive

Question 3

Is beta haemolytic strep a typical or atypical cause of pneumonia?

Answer 3

Typical, gram positive

Question 4

Viridans group strep, typical or atypical pneumonia ?

Answer 4

Typical, gram positive

Question 5

Is pseudomonas a typical or atypical pneumonia?

Answer 5

Typical, gram negative

Question 6

Is klebsiella a typical or atypical pneumonia?

Answer 6

Typical, gram negative

Question 7

Is E.coli a typical or a typical cause of pneumonia?

Answer 7

Typical gram negative

Question 8

Is haemophilus a typical or a typical cause of pneumonia?

Answer 8

Typical, gram negative

Question 9

Is Enterobacter a typical or a typical cause of pneumonia?

Answer 9

Typical, gram negative

Question 10

Is Is Mycoplasma a typical or a typical cause of pneumonia?

Answer 10

Atypical bacteria

Question 11

Is Chlamydia a typical or a typical cause of pneumonia?

Answer 11

Atypical bacteria

Question 12

Is Legionella a typical or a typical cause of pneumonia?

Answer 12

Atypical bacteria

Question 13

How is legionella commonly caught?

Answer 13

Poor air conditioning in foreign countries

Question 14

Is Infleunza A/B a typical or a typical cause of pneumonia?

Answer 14

Atypical virus

Question 15

Is Parainfluenza a typical or a typical cause of pneumonia?

Answer 15

Atypical virus

Question 16

Is Adenovirus a typical or a typical cause of pneumonia?

Answer 16

Atypical virus

Question 17

Is respiratory syncytial virus a typical or a typical cause of pneumonia?

Answer 17

Atypical virus, most commonly in childhood

Question 18

Pneumonia in HIV patients is most commonly caused by

Answer 18

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 19

Atypical causes of pneumonia in patients with HIV

Answer 19

Chlamydophila pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, coxiella burnetti and legionella.

Question 20

PCP stands for

Answer 20

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

Question 21

Most common opportunistic infection in people who get AIDS

Answer 21

PCP/ PJP

Question 22

Beta-lactams mechanism of action

Answer 22

Inhibit the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls - prevents cross linking so cell walls do not contain cell contents

Question 23

Types of betalactam

Answer 23

Penicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams

Question 24

Vancomycin mechanism of action

Answer 24

Inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis. Also alters cell membrane permeability and RNA synthesis. Active against gram negative bacteria

Question 25

Aminoglycosides mechanism of action

Answer 25

Irreversibly bind to 30S ribosomal proteins

Question 26

Tetracyclines mechanism of action

Answer 26

Block tRNA binding to 30S ribosome-mRNA complex

Question 27

Example of an aminoglycoside

Answer 27

Gentamicin

Question 28

Mechanism of action of macrolides

Answer 28

Reversibly bind to 50s ribosome, blocking peptide elongation

Question 29

Example of a macrolide

Answer 29

Clarithromycin

Question 30

Chloramphenicol

Answer 30

Binds to 50S subunit blocking peptide elongation

Question 31

Clindamycin

Answer 31

Binds to 50S ribosome subunit, inhibits a transferase enzyme, blocking peptide elongation

Question 32

Mechanism of polymyxins

Answer 32

Increase membrane permeability causing cytoplasmic leaking; killing the cell

Question 33

Quinolones mechanism of action

Answer 33

Inhibit DNA gyrase, stopping nucleic acid synthesis

Question 34

Rifampin mechanism of action

Answer 34

Binds to RNA polymerase inhibiting initiation of RNA synthesis

Question 35

Trimethoprim mechanism of action

Answer 35

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, preventing synthesis of folic acid

Question 36

Sulphonamides mechanism of action

Answer 36

Competitive inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthase, prevents synthesis of folic acid

Question 37

Diphtheria antibiotics

Answer 37

Erythromycin, penicillin and anti toxins

Question 38

Legionnaires disease antibiotic

Answer 38

Flouroquinolones, macrolides

Question 39

Whooping cough antibiotics

Answer 39

Macrolides

Question 40

Q fever (caught from cattle and sheep) antibiotics

Answer 40

Doxycycline, hydroxychloroquine

Question 41

Scarlet fever antibiotics

Answer 41

b-lactams

Question 42

TB antibiotics

Answer 42

RIPE. Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol

Question 43

Streptococcus pneumoniae antibiotic

Answer 43

Usually penicillin - amoxicillin or benzylpenicillin

Question 44

Haemophilus influenzae antibiotic

Answer 44

Usually amoxicillin (10% are resistant) so use co-amixiclav/doxycycline/trimethoprim

Question 45

Staphylococcal pneumonia antibiotic

Answer 45

Usually sensitive to flucloxocillin, co-amoxiclav, cefurozime

Question 46

Atypical bacteria antibiotics: mycoplasma, chlamydophila, legionella

Answer 46

Not sensitive to penicillins, treat with tetracycline or macrolide antibiotics

Question 47

Influenza A or B antibiotics

Answer 47

Oseltamivir/ Zanamivir

Question 48

Herpes simplex virus drug

Answer 48

Aciclovir

Question 49

RSV - respiratory syncytial virus

Answer 49

Ribavirin